Table 1.

Randomized controlled trials to prevent bone loss in gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-treated men with prostate cancer

Study	n	Arms	Results	Between-group differences at 12 months (95% CI)
Smith et al. [26]	47	Pamidronate versus no pamidronate	Pamidronate increased BMD of hip and spine	Lumbar spine: 3.8% (1.8, 5.7%) Total hip: 2.0% (0.7, 3.4%)
Diamond et al. [45]	21	Pamidronate versus placebo	Pamidronate increased BMD of hip and spine	Not reported
Smith et al. [28]	106	Zoledronic acid versus placebo	Zoledronic acid (4 mg every 12 weeks) increased BMD of hip and spine	Lumbar spine: 7.3% (5.3, 8.8%) Total hip: 3.9% (2.4, 5.0%)
Michaelson et al. [46]	44	Zoledronic acid versus placebo	Annual zoledronic acid increased BMD of hip and spine	Lumbar spine: 7.1% (4.2, 10.0%) Total hip: 2.6% (0.9, 4.3%)
Smith et al. [29]	48	Raloxifene versus no raloxifene	Raloxifene increased BMD of hip	Lumbar spine: 2.0% (30.2, 4.0%) Total hip: 3.7% (2.0, 5.4%)
Steiner [56]	46	Toremifene versus placebo	Toremifene increased BMD of hip and spine	Not reported

BMD, bone mineral density.