Odds ratios and 95% confidence interval estimated from logistic regression on the propensity to receive early ZA treatment compared with no treatment (i.e., untreated). Comparison group was younger and had only one BM claim, BM diagnosed in 2003, no use of oral bisphosphonate before BM, no use of opioids at baseline, lower CCI score, no other metastases and residence in the West region. Significant variables were younger age, more than one claim before BM, BM diagnosed in 2005 or 2006, use of oral bisphosphonate before BM, lower CCI score and residence in the Mid-west region.