Table 2. Association Between Measures of Adiposity and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Women (n = 2457) by Measures of Adiposity, the Cardiovascular Health Study, 1989-2007.
| Adiposity Measure | Quintile | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| BMIa | |||||
| Quintile range | <22.2 | 22.2-24.4 | 24.5-26.6 | 26.7-29.6 | ≥29.7 |
| No. person-years of follow-up | 5610 | 6142 | 5959 | 6140 | 5614 |
| No. cases type 2 diabetes | 20 | 20 | 30 | 36 | 84 |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.0 | 0.9 (0.5-1.6) | 1.4 (0.8-2.5) | 1.6 (0.9-2.7) | 3.7 (2.3-6.2) |
| BMI at 50 years of agea | |||||
| Quintile range | <21.7 | 21.7-23.2 | 23.4-24.8 | 24.9-27.1 | ≥27.2 |
| No. person-years of follow-up | 5988 | 6101 | 6059 | 5917 | 5401 |
| No. cases type 2 diabetes | 19 | 22 | 38 | 49 | 62 |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.0 | 1.1 (0.6-2.1) | 2.0 (1.2-3.5) | 2.5 (1.5-4.3) | 3.2 (1.9-5.5) |
| Weight, kg | |||||
| Quintile range | <55.9 | 55.9-61.4 | 61.5-67.8 | 67.9-75.7 | ≥75.8 |
| No. person-years of follow-up | 5678 | 5832 | 6019 | 6243 | 5694 |
| No. cases type 2 diabetes | 20 | 21 | 32 | 39 | 78 |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.0 | 1.0 (0.5-1.8) | 1.5 (0.8-2.6) | 1.7 (1.0-2.9) | 3.5 (2.1-5.7) |
| Fat mass, kg | |||||
| Quintile range | <25.1 | 25.1-29.8 | 29.9-35.0 | 35.1-41.3 | ≥41.4 |
| No. person-years of follow-up | 5447 | 6041 | 6128 | 6111 | 5738 |
| No. cases type 2 diabetes | 19 | 20 | 31 | 43 | 77 |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.0 | 0.9 (0.5-1.6) | 1.4 (0.8-2.5) | 1.9 (1.1-3.2) | 3.3 (2.0-5.6) |
| Waist, cm | |||||
| Range | <78.6 | 78.6-86.0 | 86.1-93.0 | 93.1-101.0 | ≥101.1 |
| No. person-years of follow-up | 6048 | 6496 | 5467 | 5892 | 5563 |
| No. cases type 2 diabetes | 20 | 29 | 24 | 46 | 71 |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.0 | 1.3 (0.8-2.4) | 1.3 (0.7-2.4) | 2.3 (1.4-4.0) | 3.6 (2.2-6.0) |
| Waist-hip | |||||
| Quintile range | <0.81 | 0.81-0.85 | 0.86-0.90 | 0.91-0.95 | ≥0.96 |
| No. person-years of follow-up | 6380 | 5873 | 5895 | 5700 | 5617 |
| No. cases type 2 diabetes | 23 | 35 | 39 | 55 | 38 |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.0 | 1.7 (1.0-2.8) | 1.9 (1.1-3.2) | 2.8 (1.7-4.6) | 1.9 (1.1-3.2) |
| Waist-height | |||||
| Quintile range | <0.49 | 0.49-0.53 | 0.54-0.58 | 0.59-0.63 | ≥0.64 |
| No. person-years of follow-up | 6128 | 6077 | 5769 | 6091 | 5400 |
| No. cases type 2 diabetes | 22 | 22 | 31 | 43 | 72 |
| HR (95% CI)b | 1.0 | 1.0 (0.6-1.8) | 1.5 (0.9-2.6) | 1.9 (1.2-3.3) | 3.6 (2.2-5.9) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
a
BMI is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
b
All hazard ratios are adjusted for age (continuous), race (African American, non-African American), current smoking (yes, no), physical activity (continuous), diet score (upper 2 quintiles vs lower 3), and alcohol consumption (none, <7 drinks/wk, ≥7 drinks/wk). HRs (95% CIs) per 1 standard deviation are: 1.5 (1.4-1.7) for BMI, 1.3 (1.2-1.5) for BMI at 50 years of age, 1.6 (1.4-1.9) for weight, 1.5 (1.4-1.7) for fat mass, 1.5 (1.4-1.7) for waist, 1.2 (1.1-1.3) for waist-hip ratio, and 1.5 (1.3-1.7) for waist-height ratio.