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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Mar 2.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Immunol. 2010 Aug 1;11(9):836–845. doi: 10.1038/ni.1914

Figure 1. TACI triggers CSR by cooperating with TLR ligands.

Figure 1

(a) Immunofluorescence staining of tonsil (top) and splenic (bottom) tissues for IgD (green), TACI (red), and nuclei (blue). Dashed line, follicle; EP, epithelium; FM, follicular mantle; FO, follicle; GC, germinal center; MZ; marginal zone; SE, sub-epithelium; RP, red pulp. Original magnification, ×10 (left panels) or ×63 (right panels). (b–e) QRT-PCR of Iγ1-Cγ1, Iγ1-Cμ and AICDA in naïve (b–d) or lymphoblastoid (e) B cells from healthy donors (HD) or CVID patients with various heterozygous TACI substitutions cultured for 2 or 4 days with or without anti-TACI, IL-10 and/or IL-4. Results are normalized to ACTB (encoding β-actin) mRNA; RE, relative expression compared to B cells incubated with a control antibody (ctrl). (f) Flow cytometry of TACI on primary CD19+CD27+ B cells from a HD or CVID patient with homozygous S144X/S144X TACI substitution. Red histograms, ctrl; blue histograms, anti-TACI. (g) AICDA and Iγ1-Cμ in primary naive B cells from CVID case shown in f incubated with BAFF or APRIL plus IL-4 for 6 d. (h) Flow cytometry of IgG, IgA and CD27 on primary naive B cells incubated for 7 days with ctr, anti-TACI, IL-10 and/or CpG DNA. Numbers indicate percentages. (i) Flow cytometry of IgG and IgA (upper panels) and ELISA of secreted IgG and IgA (bottom panels) from B cells stimulated as in h. *P < 0.05 (one-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test). Data are from one of three experiments with similar results (a–h) or summarize three experiments (i; error bars, s.d.).