Table 1.

Intervention program

Contents
Lecturea (30 min)
Statistical data about low back pain
Risk factors for low back pain in caregivers’ daily actions
Biomechanical explanation of spinal structure
Low back pain and medical treatment
Recommendations for how to move in caregiving
Recommended exercise

Actions	Main parts
Stretching exerciseb (60 min)
1. Leaning forward	The lower back
2. Holding a knee in the arms	Gluteus maximus
3. Holding knee with trunk-twist	Lateral muscles of the hip
4. Leaning forward with a single leg put forward	Back thigh and hamstring
5. Ankle stretching	The Achilles’ tendon
6. Jutting arms forward while crossing both hands	The upper back (especially around shoulder blade)
7. Turning one’s face	Muscles around neck
8. Leaning back slightly	Relaxing the muscles around the waist

^aThe lecturer was an orthopedist (clinical experience 20 years)

^bStretching instructions were given by two expert trainers (instructor experience over 7 years) based on the William and Mackenzie exercise system