Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants
| Nursing home A | Nursing home B | Nursing home C | Nursing home D | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 20 | 20 | 24 | 24 | 88 |
| Age (years) | 37.8 ± 16.2 | 33.9 ± 15.3 | 33.2 ± 10.1 | 39.9 ± 10.0 | 36.2 ± 13.0 |
| Years of experience (years) | 4.3 ± 2.9 a | 5.7 ± 5.3 | 4.4 ± 3.4 b | 8.2 ± 5.0* c | 5.7 ± 4.5 |
| VAS of low back pain (10-cm) | 3.8 ± 2.6 | 4.5 ± 2.2 | 4.2 ± 2.0 | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 4.3 ± 2.1 |
| Height (cm) | 157.2 ± 6.0 | 156.8 ± 6.9 | 158.5 ± 5.7 | 159.6 ± 5.1 | 158.1 ± 5.9 |
| Weight (kg) | 54.2 ± 10.2 | 52.4 ± 7.8 | 61.8 ± 17.9 | 62.1 ± 13.7 | 58.0 ± 13.8 |
| BMI | 21.9 ± 3.5 | 21.3 ± 2.8 | 24.4 ± 5.8 | 24.4 ± 5.1 | 23.1 ± 4.7 |
| Grip force (kg) | 27.2 ± 4.6 | 27.6 ± 4.6 | 26.4 ± 5.4 | 28.5 ± 4.6 | 27.4 ± 4.8 |
| Sitting trunk flexion test (cm) | 31.4 ± 10.9 | 36.4 ± 10.1 | 37.4 ± 8.9 | 36.8 ± 7.6 | 35.6 ± 9.5 |
| FFD (touch the floor with fingers) | 13 (65.0%) | 15 (75.0%) | 16 (66.7%) | 21 (87.5%) | 65 (73.9%) |
| Self-assessment of depression (scores) | 14.8 ± 6.4 | 17.1 ± 7.7 | 17.3 ± 9.5 | 16.6 ± 5.0 | 16.5 ± 7.3 |
| Scores based on SF-8 | |||||
| Physical fitness score (scores) | 47.4 ± 6.3 | 45.2 ± 4.7 | 46.4 ± 8.9 | 47.0 ± 5.6 | 46.5 ± 6.6 |
| Psychological fitness score (scores) | 48.3 ± 4.6 | 47.6 ± 8.1 | 45.3 ± 8.7 | 46.8 ± 5.4 | 46.9 ± 6.9 |
Continuous variables are shown as means ± standard deviation. Categorical variables are shown as frequency (percentage)
Multiple comparison of the mean was assessed by the Tukey test and differences in proportions were assessed by the Kruskal–Wallis test
VAS visual analog scale, BMI body mass index, FFD finger-floor distance
* p < 0.05; c > a, b