Table 1.

Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of study groups

	Study groups
	Control n = 254	Metabolic syndrome n = 190
%BF	31.7 ± 8.3	36.7 ± 6.9*
BMI (kg/m2)	26.6 ± 4.6	30.9 ± 4.7**
WC (M) (cm)	90.1 ± 14.8	103.7 ± 11.5**
WC (W) (cm)	88.1 ± 10.8	98.7 ± 10.4**
Gluc0h (mg/dL)	88.6 ± 6.4	105.4 ± 25.6*
Gluc2h (mg/dL)	104.1 ± 20.6	143.3 ± 57.0*
Ins0h (μU/mL)	6.7 ± 3.3	11.9 ± 5.8*
Ins2h (μU/mL)	44.4 ± 29.4	86.1 ± 66.1*
HOMA-IR	1.5 ± 0.8	3.1 ± 1.9*
HOMA-β	98.9 ± 55.8	115.2 ± 62.3**
QUICKI	0.37 ± 0.03	0.33 ± 0.03*

Notes: Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

^*P # 0.05, Mann–Whitney U test;

^**P # 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance.

Abbreviations: M, men; W, women; %BF, % body fat; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; Glc0h, fasting glucose; Gluc2h, glucose 2 hours after a 75-g oral glucose load; Ins0h, fasting insulin; Ins2h, insulin 2 hours after a 75-g oral glucose load; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-β, homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function; QUICKI, index to check the quantitative insulin sensitivity.