Rapid reversal of pain induced BOLD signals after TNF-α blockade in patients with RA. (A and B) Area of BOLD signal based on fMRI scans elicited by joint compression (A) and finger tapping (B) in patients (n = 5) with RA before, 1, 14, and 42 d after administration of TNF-α blocking agent IFX. (C) VAS (reaching from 0 to 10) for arthritis-related pain before, 1, 14, and 42 d after administration of IFX; (D) DAS28 before, as well as 1, 14, and 42 d after administration of IFX; (E) swollen and (F) tender joint count based on the assessment of 28 joints. (G) Maps of BOLD activity in a single patient before (Top) as well as 1 (Middle) and 42 d (Bottom) after administration of IFX. Asterisks indicate significant difference to baseline (P < 0.05).