Codelivery of pDAI overcomes CTL tolerance to survivin TAA via a mechanism requiring NF-κB activation and type I IFN production. Mice were electroporated twice at 2-week intervals with pDAI, pSURV, or pSURV+pDAI (n = 6). Where indicated, pIkBα-SR was also administrated. (a, b) Peripheral lymphocytes were obtained from (a) 129Sv WT or (b) Ifnar−/− mice 13 days after the last vaccination. The frequency of IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells (over the gated CD8+ T cell population) after in vitro stimulation with trp2(180–188) (control), surv(20–28) (surv20), or surv(56–64) (surv56) peptides is shown. Bars are the mean ± SEM. **P = 0.002. Data shown are from one representative of at least two independent experiments. CTL, cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes; IFN, interferon; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; TAA, tumor-associated antigens; WT, wild type.