Restoration of dystrophin expression in the mdx mice after 6 months intravenous (i.v.) treatment with phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) (300 mg/kg or 1.5 g/kg biweekly). (a) Detection of dystrophin by immunohistochemistry with rabbit polyclonal antibody P7. Blue nuclear staining with DAPI. (b) Detection of exon 23 skipping in muscles by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Lane 1, size marker. (c) Western blot for dystrophin expression [25 µg total protein loaded from tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of C57BL/6 mouse; 50 µg total protein loaded from untreated or treated mdx mice]. C57-TA, TA muscle from normal C57BL/6 mouse; Cont-TA, TA muscle from untreated mdx mouse. 300 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg PMO-treated mdx mice. 1.5 g/kg PMO, 1.5 g/kg PMO-treated mdx mice. (d) α-Actin as loading controls.