Table 1.
Characteristics of the study subjects at baseline
| Total | NS | D | PNS | M | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 74 | 19 | 27 | 9 | 19 | |
| Age | 47.8 (13.1) | 47.5 (13.4) | 48.2 (12.2) | 44.3 (14.0) | 49.2 (14.2) | 0.83* |
| Gender (% male) | 40 | 35 | 39 | 41 | 45 | 0.92a |
| Pain below knee (%) | 76.3 | 80.0 | 71.4 | 88.9 | 73.7 | 0.71a |
| Pain duration current episode (months) | 7.5 (15.5) | 7 (18.4) | 7.3 (11.3) | 6.0 (12.5) | 10.6 (12.2) | 0.76b |
| Pain (NRS) | 5.0 (1.6) | 5.8 (1.7)c | 4.6 (1.5)c | 5.3 (1.7) | 4.6 (1.4)c | 0.031* |
| Disability (RMDQ) | 8.0 (4.4) | 10.5 (4.0)c | 7.1 (4.8)c | 8.7 (4.5) | 6.5 (3.3)c | 0.014* |
| Fear avoidance (FABQ) | 34.7 (19.1) | 39.1 (19.1) | 34.3 (19.0) | 36.4 (18.8) | 29.8 (21.2) | 0.51* |
| Anxiety (HADS-A) | 6.8 (4.1) | 9.1 (4.6)d | 5.6 (3.6)d | 4.9 (2.5)d | 7.2 (4.0) | 0.013* |
| Depression (HADS-D) | 5.3 (3.6) | 6.5 (3.5) | 4.5 (3.8) | 5.0 (3.2) | 5.3 (3.6) | 0.37* |
| Number of treatments | 6.7 (1.6) | 6.6 (1.1) | 7 (0) | 6.7 (0.9) | 0.93* | |
| Time to follow-up (days) | 25 (14) | 33 (20) | 28 (19) | 28 (18) | 0.21b |
NS neuropathic sensitization, D denervation, PNS peripheral nerve sensitization, M musculoskeletal, NRS numerical rating scale, RMDQ Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, FABQ Fear Avoidance and Beliefs Questionnaire, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Anxiety/Depression subscales
* One way ANOVA; values presented are means (standard deviations)
aχ2 test; data are percentage
bKruskall–Wallis test (distribution was not normal); data are median (interquartile range)
cSignificant pair-wise differences (LSD post hoc comparisons) between groups C/D and C/M
dSignificant pair-wise differences (LSD post hoc comparisons) between groups C/D and C/PNS