Table 6.
Disability definition and characteristics of included studies
| Study | Disability assessed | Questionnaire | Score (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luoto et al. [20] | Yes | Oswestry | Unclear |
| Mientjes and Frank [21] | Yes | Oswestry (post-trial) Roland–Morris (post-trial) |
9–32/50 (mean 15.6) 3–17/24 (mean 7.5) |
| Kuukkanen and Malkia [22] | No | Oswestry | Unclear |
| Hamaoui et al. [23] | No | – | – |
| Grimstone and Hodges [24] | No | – | – |
| Brumagne et al. [25] | Yes | Oswestry | 20/50 |
| Hamaoui et al. [26] | No | – | – |
| Mok et al. [27] | Yes | Roland–Morris | 3.2 (3.5)/24 |
| Smith et al. [28] | No | – | – |
| della Volpe et al. [2] | Yes | Oswestry | 1–24/50 (mean 7.8) |
| Popa et al. [29] | Yes | Oswestry | 0–24/50 (mean 7.08) |
| Brumagne et al. [30] | Yes | Oswestry | 7.3 (7.6)/100 |
| Lafond et al. [31] | Yes | Oswestry FABQ |
12.6/50 (7.3) 20.4 (16.2) |
| Harringe et al. [32] | No | – | – |
| Mann et al. [19] | No | – | – |
| Salavati et al. [33] | Yes | Roland–Morris | 3.4/24 (3.2) |
Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire: 24 items, 0 (no disability)–24 (severe disability)
Oswestry Disability Questionnaire: 50 points. 0–10 minimal disability, 11–20 mild disability, 21–30 severe disability, 31–40 crippling disability, 41–50 bed bound
FABQ Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire. 0–96 the higher the scale scores the greater the degree of fear and avoidance beliefs shown by the patient