Table 4.

Results of static and articulating antibiotic spacers

Type of spacer	Study	Number of knees	Recurrent infection	Followup	Notes
Static	Booth and Lotke [2]	25	1	25 months (6–59 months)	Average flexion = 100
	Emerson et al. [6]	26	2	7.5 years (2.8–12.7 years)	ROM static = 94°, mobile = 108°
	Fehring et al. [8]	25	3	36 months (24–72 months)	Bone loss seen in static group
					Flexion = 98° in static group and 105° in articulating
	Wilde and Ruth [25]	15	2	2.9 years (1–6 years)	Average ROM 6°–81°
	Haleem et al. [11]	96	9	7.2 yrs (2.5–13 years)	34 knees required augments and 5 required allograft at replant.
					Average ROM = 90°
Articulating spacers
Cement-on-cement	Durbhakula et al. [5]	24	2	33 months (28–51 months)	Average knee flexion = 104°
	Fehring et al. [8]	15	1	27 months (24–36 months)	Bone loss seen in static group
					Flexion = 98° in static group and 105° in articulating
	Pitto et al. [23]	19	0	24 months (12–43 months)	Average ROM 94°
Cement-on-polyethylene	Evans [7]	31	2	Minimum of 2 years	Average ROM 2-111°
Metal on polyethylene articulating spacers	Cuckler [4]	44	1	Minimum of 1 year	Average ROM 112°
	Emerson et al. [6]	22	2	3.8 years (2.8–6.4 years)	ROM static = 94°, mobile = 108°
	Haddad et al. [10]	45	4	48 months (20–112 months)	PROSTALAC, average ROM 3°–95°
	Hofmann et al. [13]	26	0	31 months (12–70 months)	Average ROM 5°–106°
	Hofmann et al. [12]	50	6	73 months (24–150 months)	Average ROM 4°–104°
	Jämsen et al. [19]	22	2	32 months (2–86 months)	Average ROM 104°
	Meek et al. [22]	47	2	Average 41 months	PROSTALAC, average ROM 87°