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VacA induces vacuolization in DKO, but not in wt MEFs. Wt and DKO MEFs were incubated with H. pylori wt CS. After 5 h, the extent of vacuolization was measured by neutral red uptake assay. Results are expressed as difference between the OD values obtained at 540 and 405 nm and are the mean±S.D. of three independent experiments
