Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects and glucose metabolism
| IS-Lean (n = 12) | IR-ND (n = 17) | T2DM (n = 11) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject characteristics | |||
| Age (yr) | 47 ± 2.1 | 44 ± 1.7 | 44 ± 2.7 |
| Female (%) | 75 | 65 | 55 |
| Body composition | |||
| Height (cm) | 166 ± 2 | 167 ± 2 | 170 ± 3 |
| Body weight (kg) | 65.6 ± 2.2 | 91.5 ± 3.0a | 99.6 ± 3.4a |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 0.6 | 32.9 ± 0.8a | 34.3 ± 0.8a |
| Fat mass (kg) | 21.2 ± 1.3 | 39.8 ± 1.6b | 38.2 ± 2.5a |
| Fat mass (percent body fat) | 32.6 ± 2.0 | 43.8 ± 1.8a | 38.9 ± 2.8 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 43.4 ± 2.5 | 53.4 ± 2.6a | 58.6 ± 4.0a |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 81.8 ± 1.7 | 110.7 ± 2.8a | 109.4 ± 2.4a |
| Maximal aerobic capacity | |||
| VO2max (ml/min) | 2158 ± 156 | 2408 ± 152a | 2567 ± 86a |
| VO2max (ml/min · kg FFM) | 49.5 ± 1.6 | 44.8 ± 1.2a | 44.1 ± 1.5a |
| Glucose tolerance and laboratory values | |||
| Plasma glucose, fasting (mg/dl) | 90.5 ± 1.8 | 98.4 ± 2.1 | 160.0 ± 13.9a,c |
| Plasma glucose, 2 h after challenge (mg/dl) | 105.9 ± 9.5 | 151.1 ± 6.4a | 255.0 ± 15.2a,c |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.47 ± 0.11 | 5.49 ± 0.09 | 7.65 ± 0.51a,c |
| Fasting serum insulin (μIU/ml) | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 17.7 ± 1.5a | 19.6 ± 3.0a |
| Fasting plasma FFA (mmol/liter) | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.50 ± 0.03a | 0.55 ± 0.04a |
| Euglycemic clamps | |||
| Glucose infusion rate (mg/min · kg FFM) | 12.1 ± 0.9 | 5.6 ± 0.5a | 2.9 ± 0.8a,c |
| Endogenous glucose appearance rate (mg/min · kg FFM) | 0 ± 0 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.3a,c |
| Rd (mg/min · kg FFM) | 12.1 ± 0.9 | 5.9 ± 0.5a | 4.1 ± 0.6a,d |
| Steady-state plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 91 (90–96) | 90 (88–92) | 92 (89–97) |
| Steady-state serum insulin (μIU/ml) | 60 ± 2 | 89 ± 5b | 82 ± 4b |
Results are expressed as mean ± sem. Plasma glucose during steady state is expressed as median with interquartile range. FFM, Fat-free mass; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin.
a
P < 0.01 vs. IS-Lean.
b
P < 0.05 vs. IS-Lean.
c
P < 0.01 for T2DM vs. IR-ND.
d
0.058 for T2DM vs. IR-ND.