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. 2011 Mar 3;7(3):e1001307. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001307

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Portevin et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Scatter plot representation of Type 1 macrophage cytokine response from a single donor 24 h post-infection towards ancient (circles) versus modern (squares) groups of strains in the presence (filled) or absence (open) of anti-IL-10 blocking antibodies. IL-10 blockage resulted in a significant increase in the production of IL-6 and TNFα independent of lineage. The delayed inflammatory response to strains from modern lineages is not due to IL-10 regulatory activity (Paired t-test for intra-group comparison and Mann-Whitney U test for inter-group comparison, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001).