Table 3.
Results from separate analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) examining multiple characteristics as indicators of probability for health behavior change at follow-up (n = 510)
| Characteristics | Started exercising | Increased exercise | Changed exercise type | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (N = 49) | No (N = 447) | P value | Yes (N = 81) | No (N = 416) | P value | Yes (N = 56) | No (N = 437) | P value | |
| Age (years), mean (SD)a | 64.71 (10.84) | 64.36 (10.92) | 0.15 | 61.41 (11.30) | 64.85 (10.69) | 0.41 | 62.66 (12.79) | 64.55 (10.66) | 0.20 |
| Female, n (%)b | 20 (40.82) | 169 (37.81) | 0.67 | 33 (40.74) | 157 (37.74) | 0.75 | 21 (37.0) | 168 (38.0) | 0.82 |
| BMI (kg/m2), meanc | 27.57 | 26.51 | 0.29 | 26.80 | 26.61 | 0.13 | 26.41 | 26.68 | 0.62 |
| Parent heart disease before age 55, n (%)c | 11 (22.49) | 91 (20.36) | 0.749 | 18 (22.22) | 87 (21) | 0.97 | 8 (14) | 93 (21) | 0.18 |
| Sibling heart disease before age 55, n (%)c | 8 (16.33) | 34 (7.61) | 0.04 | 10 (12.0) | 32 (8.0) | 0.18 | 5 (9.0) | 36 (8.0) | 0.87 |
| Coronary artery calcium, mean (SD)c | 338.90 (823.97) | 190.43 (485.23) | <0.01 | 316.07 (785.0) | 177.82 (457.0) | <0.01 | 390.26 (921) | 177.03 (445) | 0.23 |
| CAC > 0, n (%)c | 35 (71.43) | 255 (57.05) | 0.04 | 55 (67.90) | 232 (55.77) | <0.01 | 36 (64.29) | 248 (56.75) | 0.16 |
| Diabetes, n (%)c | 3 (6.7) | 11 (2.8) | 0.17 | 3 (4.0) | 11 (3.0) | 0.595 | 0 (0) | 14 (3.6) | 0.20 |
| Hypertension, n (%)c | 34 (69.39) | 182 (40.72) | <0.01 | 39 (48.15) | 178 (42.79) | 0.13 | 28 (50.0) | 186 (42.56) | 0.18 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%)c | 25 (51.02) | 150 (33.56) | 0.01 | 46 (56.79) | 130 (31.25) | <0.01 | 28 (50.0) | 146 (33.41) | 0.01 |
| Characteristics | Changed diet | Changed alcohol | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (N = 141) | No (N = 357) | P value | Yes (N = 32) | No (N = 462) | P value | |
| Age (years), mean (SD)a | 63.38 (11.95) | 64.67 (10.46) | 0.856 | 57.88 (18.55) | 64.84 (10.01) | <0.01 |
| Female, n (%)b | 48 (34.53) | 139 (38.72) | 0.33 | 7 (22.0) | 181 (39.0) | 0.03 |
| BMI (kg/m2), meanc | 26.79 | 26.56 | 0.15 | 27.35 | 26.58 | 0.41 |
| Parent heart disease before age 55, n (%)c | 29 (21) | 75 (21) | 0.97 | 2 (6.0) | 102 (22.0) | 0.02 |
| Sibling heart disease before age 55, n (%)c | 12 (8.63) | 31 (8.64) | 0.99 | 5 (12.0) | 37 (8.0) | 0.14 |
| Coronary artery calcium, mean (SD)c | 284.12 (655.35) | 177.40 (469.14) | 0.03 | 334.05 (610) | 183.51 (501) | 0.04 |
| CAC > 0, n (%)c | 95 (68.35) | 195 (54.32) | <0.01 | 24 (75.0) | 260 (56.28) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes, n (%)c | 6 (4.8) | 7 (2.2) | 0.18 | 0 (0) | 14 (3.4) | 0.32 |
| Hypertension, n (%)c | 65 (46.76) | 154 (42.90) | 0.32 | 14 (43.75) | 201 (43.51) | 0.50 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%)c | 61 (43.88) | 113 (31.48) | 0.01 | 15 (46.88) | 159 (34.42) | 0.27 |
BMI body mass index, CAC coronary artery calcium
aAdjusted for gender
bAdjusted for age
cAdjusted for age and gender