Figure 11.
Schematic representation of DAG-activated, branched signaling pathways involving PKC and hmunc13. DAG levels are increased by such factors as hyperglycemia, phospholipase C (PLC) β/γ, and phospholipase D (PLD), resulting in activation of PKC and hmunc13 and leading to two separate signaling pathways, resulting in proliferation and differentiation or apoptosis.