Table 5.

Overview of 2,4-D, acetochlor (acetochlor mercapturate), and chlorpyrifos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY)) levels for all farmers and controls and by season

		FARMERS (N=30)								CONTROLS (N=10)
Season	Pesticide	Urine collection timepoint	Na	Nb >LOD (%)	AMc	GMd	GSDe	Percentiles		Urine collection timepoint	Na	Nb >LOD (%)	AMc	GMd	GSDe	Percentiles
								10	90							10	90
All	2,4-D	1–10	314	291 (93)	14.4	2.1	7.5	0.17	32.6	1; 6–10	49	23 (47)	0.52	0.16	4.1	<LOD	1.8
Pre-planting/Off-season	2,4-D	1,10	61	51 (84)	2.9	0.64	5.2	<LOD	4.3	1,10	19	13 (68)	0.50	0.24	3.6	<LOD	1.8
Planting	2,4-D	2–6	157	150 (96)	22.9	3.4	7.9	0.21	67.3	6	5	3 (60)	1.35	0.25	7.8	<LOD	6.0
Growing/Post-harvest	2,4-D	7–9	96	90 (94)	7.8	2.2	6.1	0.19	23.0	7–10	25	7 (28)	0.37	0.11	3.9	<LOD	1.6
All	Acetochlorf	1–10	313	150 (48)	5.0	0.20	9.2	<LOD	5.9	1; 6–10	49	2 (4)	0.17	0.06	2.6	<LOD	0.17
Pre-planting/Off-season	Acetochlor	1,10	60	10 (17)	0.24	0.07	3.2	<LOD	0.20	1,10	19	0 (0)	<LOD	<LOD		<LOD	<LOD
Planting	Acetochlor	2–6	157	101 (64)	9.2	0.46	12.6	<LOD	24.7	6	5	0 (0)	<LOD	<LOD		<LOD	<LOD
Growing/Post-harvest	Acetochlor	7–9	96	39 (41)	0.98	0.10	4.6	<LOD	0.68	7–10	25	2 (8)	0.27	0.07	3.2	<LOD	0.25
All	Chlorpyrifosg	1–10	314	142 (45)	2.2	0.42	7.0	<LOD	5.0	1; 6–10	49	18 (37)	1.4	0.41	5.3	<LOD	4.7
Pre-planting/Off-season	Chlorpyrifos	1,10	61	28 (46)	3.5	0.47	7.3	<LOD	5.1	1,10	19	7 (37)	1.2	0.37	5.1	<LOD	4.6
Planting	Chlorpyrifos	2–6	157	71 (45)	1.7	0.41	6.9	<LOD	4.7	6	5	2 (40)	1.8	0.54	7.2	<LOD	4.7
Growing/Post-harvest	Chlorpyrifos	7–9	96	43 (45)	2.2	0.41	7.1	<LOD	5.0	7–10	25	9 (36)	1.5	0.43	5.4	<LOD	5.1

^aTotal number of samples

^bNumber of samples above the limit of detection (LOD)

^cArithmetic mean (μg/g creatinine), urinary concentrations below the LOD were replaced with LOD/2

^dGeometric mean (μg/g creatinine), urinary concentrations below the LOD were replaced with LOD/2

^eGeometric standard deviation

^fAcetochlor mercapturate

^g3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY)