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. 2011 Mar 4;6(3):e17464. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017464

Figure 6. A soluble mediator but not NO or RO intermediates synthesized by human TNF-α-stimulated human hepatocytes inhibits P. falciparum development.

Figure 6

A. Primary human hepatocytes were treated or not with 100 ng/ml of human TNF-α together with or without SMT or NAC at 48 h before, at the time and every day for day 1 to day 5 after sporozoite inoculation. B. In the same experiment, supernatants from cells treated previously for 48 h with human TNF-α were added together with P. falciparum sporozoites to fresh human primary hepatocytes. Medium was changed after 3 hr and every day after sporozoite inoculation. In both experimental settings, cultures were stopped 5 days later. Data are presented are the mean (± SD) reduction in liver schizont numbers in triplicate wells to the mean number in 6 control wells and are derived from one of two experiments. The numbers of P. falciparum 5 day-liver schizonts in the 6 control wells were 179.2±26.1. * p<0.05 versus control non-treated cultures (Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn test).