Table 1.
Hemodynamic, Ventriculographic, Echocardiographic and Doppler Measures at Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment in Control Dogs and Dogs treated with Carotid Sinus Baroreflex (CSB) Activation
| Control (n=6) | CSB Activation (n=8) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRE | POST | P-Value | PRE | POST | P-Value | |
| HR (BPM) | 81±2 | 86±7 | 0.156 | 86±8 | 86±8 | 0.750 |
| mAoP (mmHg) | 71±14 | 84±15 | 0.156 | 79±12 | 76±8 | 1.000 |
| LVEDP (mmHg) | 14±3 | 15±2 | 0.500 | 17±2 | 12±1 | 0.008 |
| CO (L/min) | 1.43±0.15 | 1.43±0.13 | 1.000 | 1.69±0.27 | 1.92±0.37 | 0.039 |
| SV (ml) | 17.8±1.7 | 16.7±0.5 | 0.250 | 19.6±3.0 | 22.8±4.2 | 0.016 |
| LVEF (%) | 25.0±1.3 | 22.2±0.8 | 0.031 | 25.9±2.4 | 29.9±3.3 | 0.016 |
| LV EDV (ml) | 69.7±4.1 | 75.2±4.4 | 0.031 | 75.1±7.3 | 75.8±7.2 | 0.484 |
| LV ESV (ml) | 51.8±3.5 | 58.5±4.0 | 0.031 | 55.5±5.2 | 53.0±3.7 | 0.047 |
| LV ESSI | 1.54±0.08 | 1.49±0.08 | 0.094 | 1.50±0.07 | 1.53±0.07 | 0.086 |
| LV EDSI | 1.55±0.10 | 1.48±0.06 | 0.094 | 1.42±0.11 | 1.441±0.13 | 0.266 |
| DT (msec) | 79.0±7.0 | 73.3±8.2 | 0.063 | 81.6±13.1 | 92.3±14.6 | 0.102 |
| PE/PA | 1.88±0.31 | 1.76±0.34 | 0.094 | 2.01±0.24 | 2.30±0.49 | 0.039 |
| LV EDWS (g/cm2) | 71.8±9.6 | 82.9±15.2 | 0.063 | 73.8±7.5 | 62.9±10.7 | 0.016 |
| MR (%) | 16.7±6.0 | 21.8±2.5 | 0.063 | 18.3±4.9 | 14.2±3.9 | 0.039 |
| PNE (pg/ml) | 173±74 | 243±158 | 0.250 | 248±89 | 163±99 | 0.023 |
HR = heart rate; mAoP = mean aortic pressure; LVEDP = left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure; CO = cardiac output; SV = stroke volume; LVEF = LV ejection fraction from ventriculograms; EDV = end-diastolic volume from ventriculograms; ESV = end-systolic volume from ventriculograms; ESSI = end-systolic sphericity index from ventriculograms; EDSI = end-diastolic sphericity index from ventriculograms; DT = early mitral inflow deceleration time; PE/PA = ratio of peak mitral flow velocity in early diastole (PE) and peak mitral inflow velocity during left atrial contraction (PA); EDWS = circumferential end-diastolic wall stress; MR = functional mitral regurgitation; PNE = plasma norepinephrine.