Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria
• Male or female
• 25 years of age or older
• Three or more periodontal pockets with a probing depth (PD) > 5 mm
• Have at least 16 natural teeth excluding third molars
• Provide informed consent and willingness to cooperate with the study protocol
Exclusion Criteria
• History of antibiotic use in the previous three months
• Pregnant or lactating females
• Treatment with antihypertensive, antilipemic, antiarrhythmic, and other cardiovascular drugs
• Systemic diseases such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS, liver disease, chronic renal failure, tuberculosis, and autoimmune diseases
• Previous history of cardiovascular disease: Acute myocardial infarct, stable angina, unstable angina, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, AV blockade, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular accident
• Patients who received periodontal treatment within the last 6 months
• Patients who require antibiotic prophylaxis before examination or treatment
• Patients with some mental disability