Table 5.
Observed prevalence (in per cent) of constipation and diarrhoea in users and non-users of drugs, calculated prevalence if treatment is stopped or started, and changes of prevalence (average risk difference) with 95% CI when stopping and starting treatment (multivariable analyses, 4586 and 4268 cases available for the analyses of constipation and diarrhoea respectively)
| Abdominal complaint | Predictor | Observed prevalence in nonusers | Calculated prevalence if starting treatment | Increased prevalence (95% CI) |
Observed prevalence in users | Calculated prevalence if stopping treatment | Reduced prevalence (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constipation | Use of drugs | 10.2 | 12.7 | 2.5 | 15.9 | 12.8 | 3.0 |
| (0.6 to 4.4) | (0.7 to 5.3) | ||||||
| Furosemide | 13.5 | 24.3 | 10.7 | 28.6 | 16.5 | 12.1 | |
| (0.0 to 21.5) | (0.6 to 23.6) | ||||||
| Levothyroxine sodium | 13.3 | 18.7 | 5.4 | 26.8 | 19.5 | 7.3 | |
| (-0.2 to 11.1) | (0.0 to 14.6) | ||||||
| Ibuprofen | 13.1 | 18.4 | 5.3 | 19.8 | 14.0 | 5.8 | |
| (1.6 to 9.1) | (1.7 to 9.8) | ||||||
| Diarrhoea | Use of drugs | 7.1 | 9.5 | 2.3 | 10.2 | 7.7 | 2.5 |
| (0.6 to 4.1) | (0.7 to 4.3) | ||||||
| Lithium | 8.9 | 36.2 | 27.2 | 36.4 | 8.9 | 27.5 | |
| (-0.7 to 55.1) | (-0.6 to 55.5) | ||||||
| Carbamazepine | 8.9 | 27.7 | 18.8 | 28.6 | 9.4 | 19.2 | |
| (-0.1 to 37.7) | (0.3 to 38.1) |