The plasma concentration of α-MSH decreases after MCAO and is significantly less in naive animals at 3 hours after MCAO. Box plots show median, IQR, outliers (error bars), and extreme outliers (open circles); *P<0.05 by Kruskal–Wallis H-test. α-MSH, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; IQR, interquartile range; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion.