Treatment with α-MSH at 500 μg intraperitoneal resulted in decreased infarct volume in animals undergoing 2 hours (but not 3 hours) MCAO. (A) α-MSH at a dose of 100 μg/kg intraperitoneal was not protective for either duration of ischemia. (B) In animals undergoing the shorter duration of ischemia (2 hours), the higher dose of α-MSH (500 μg/kg) also improved neurologic scores at 24 hours. Box plots show median, IQR, outliers (error bars), and extreme outliers (open circles). Differs at *P<0.05 or **P<0.001 by Kruskal–Wallis H test. α-MSH, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; IQR, interquartile range; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion.