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. 2011 Jan 11;104(3):419–426. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6606073

Table 3. Clinical risk factors for cancer-related PTSS and severe PTSSa.

  3 Months post surgery
15 Months post surgery
    PTSS Severe PTSS Severe PTSS age adjusted
Severe PTSS fully adjusted b
  PTSS Severe PTSS Severe PTSS age adjusted
Severe PTSS fully adjusted c
  N Mean (s.d.) (%) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) N Mean (s.d.) (%) OR (95% CI) OR (95 % CI)
Tumour size P=0.85 P=0.45   P=0.45   P=0.58   P=0.35 P=0.35   P=0.36   P=0.46
 ⩽20 mm 2009 19.99 (15.74) 19.5 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent) 1790 15.89 (15.19) 13.5 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent)
 >20 mm and ⩽50 mm 1187 20.37 (16.14) 21.3 1.12 0.94–1.34 1.10 0.92–1.32 1019 16.83 (15.66) 15.5 1.17 0.94–1.46 1.15 0.92–1.44
 >50 mm 101 20.33 (14.87) 19.8 1.05 0.63–1.73 1.04 0.62–1.73 85 16.51 (14.55) 14.1 1.05 0.56–1.97 0.98 0.52–1.86
                             
Nodal status P<0.001 P<0.001   P<0.001   P<0.001   P<0.001 P<0.001   P<0.001   P<0.001
 0 1632 18.89 (15.40) 17.4 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent) 1467 15.28 (14.99) 12.3 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent)
 1–3 1080 20.63 (15.83) 21.3 1.30 1.07–1.58 1.30 1.06–1.59 968 16.22 (15.20) 14.0 1.16 0.92–1.48 1.17 0.91–1.49
 >3 594 22.58 (16.77) 25.4 1.68 1.34–2.11 1.61 1.28–2.03 468 19.24 (16.32) 20.5 1.84 1.40–2.42 1.81 1.37–2.40
                             
Tumour grade P=0.82 P=0.88   P=0.98   P=0.99   P=0.02 P=0.26   P=0.26   P=0.46
 I 789 19.92 (16.21) 20.0 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent) 725 15.41 (15.33) 13.2 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent)
 II 1189 20.35 (15.90) 20.4 1.04 0.83–1.30 1.01 0.80–1.27 1043 16.85 (15.86) 16.0 1.25 0.95–1.64 1.20 0.91–1.59
 III 686 20.23 (15.60) 19.1 1.01 0.78–1.31 0.99 0.75–1.29 564 17.09 (14.82) 13.7 1.04 0.75–1.44 1.04 0.75–1.45
 Non-ductal carcinoma 624 19.95 (15.66) 20.8 1.05 0.81–1.36 1.03 0.79–1.34 557 15.26 (14.87) 13.1 0.99 0.71–1.37 0.98 0.70–1.37
                             
ER/PR receptor status P=0.82 P=0.88   P=0.69   P=0.76   P=0.15 P=0.62   P=0.60   P=64
 ER and PR negative 615 20.21 (15.78) 20.3 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent) 485 16.93 (15.10) 14.8 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent)
 ER or PR positive 2672 20.09 (15.88) 20.1 0.96 0.77–1.19 0.97 0.77–1.21 2401 16.04 (15.37) 14.0 0.93 0.71–1.22 0.94 0.70–1.24
                             
Type of surgery P=0.55 P=0.47   P=0.49   P=0.87   P=0.31 P=0.04   P=0.04   P=0.12
 Mastectomy 1795 20.36 (16.14) 20.6 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent) 1555 16.62 (15.79) 15.4 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent)
 Lumpectomy 1515 19.82 (15.48) 19.5 0.94 0.79–1.12 0.99 0.83–1.18 1351 15.75 (14.78) 12.8 0.81 0.65–0.99 0.84 0.68–1.04
                             
Chemotherapy P=0.52 P=0.15   P=0.24   P=0.33   P<0.001 P=0.93   P=0.62   P=0.58
 No chemotherapy 1871 20.18 (16.35) 21.0 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent) 1686 15.47 (15.83) 14.2 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent)
 In treatment/treated 1435 20.05 (15.17) 19.0 1.13 0.92–1.39 1.11 0.90–1.38 1217 17.28 (14.56) 14.3 1.07 0.83–1.37 1.08 0.83–1.40
                             
Radiotherapy I P=0.004 P=0.02   P=0.004   P=0.005   P=0.09 P=0.43   P=0.42   P=0.31
 No radiotherapy 680 18.51 (15.70) 16.5 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent) 619 15.50 (15.44) 13.2 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent)
 To be treated after chemotherapy 1171 20.47 (15.09) 20.2 1.56 1.20–2.02 1.56 1.19–2.04              
 Treated with radiotherapy 1456 20.59 (16.46) 21.8 1.29 1.02–1.65 1.31 1.02–1.67 2284 16.43 (15.30) 14.5 1.11 0.86–1.45 1.15 0.88–1.50
                             
Hormone therapy I P=0.22 P=0.02   P=0.54   P=0.69   P=0.06 P=0.17   P=0.16   P=0.26
 No hormone therapy 1223 19.55 (15.77) 19.3 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent) 1029 15.62 (15.20) 13.0 1.00 (Referent) 1.00 (Referent)
 To be treated after chemotherapy 821 19.95 (14.71) 17.9 1.15 0.88–1.49 1.12 0.86–1.47              
 In treatment 1243 20.83 (16.67) 22.5 1.07 0.87–1.31 1.04 0.84–1.28 1861 16.58 (15.42) 14.9 1.17 0.94–1.46 1.14 0.91–1.43

Abbreviations: CI=confidence interval; ER=estrogen receptor; IES=impact of events scale; OR=odds ratio; PR=progesterone positive; PTSS=post-traumatic stress symptom.

a

PTSS=IES; severe PTSS=IES total score ⩾35.

b

Severe PTSS at 3 months post surgery fully adjusted for socio-demographic and health status variables related (P<0.25) to severe PTSS in the univariate and/or age-adjusted analyses (age, marital status, children, education, social status, personal income and household net wealth per person, psychiatric history, and comorbidity).

c

Severe PTSS at 15 months post surgery fully adjusted for socio-demographic and health status variables related (P<0.25) to severe PTSS in the univariate and/or age-adjusted analyses (age, children, education, social status, personal income and household net wealth, psychiatric history, and comorbidity).

Age- and fully adjusted OR's in bold differs significantly (95% CI) from the reference group (OR=1.00). Missing observations are not shown. As a consequence totals (N) differs slightly.