Table 1.

Characteristics of Great Smoky Mountains Study age cohorts through age 21

	Youngest Cohort (12 in 1996) N=474		Middle Cohort (14 in 1996) N=470		Oldest cohort (16 in 1996) N=388
	Indian	Non-Indian	Indian	Non-Indian	Indian	Non-Indian
Number of participants	118	356	127	343	104	284
Number of observations	873	2357	868	2283	529	1398
Percent female	47	46	45	41	48	46
Age at beginning of study (1993)	9	9	11	11	13	13
Age at opening of casino (1996)	12	12	14	14	16	16
N. years of family income supplement at age 16 assessment	4		2		0
Amount received at age 18	35,000	0	19,000	0	6,000	0
% not currently living in family home by age 21	80.70% N=88	55.58% N=167	82.0% N=91	48.37% N=149	80.40% N=78	52.38% N=123
Any adult psychiatric disorder	31.36% N=37	37.08% N=122	41.73% N=53	42.52% N=148	41.35% N=43	30.59% N=94
Any adult substance abuse or dependence	22.88% N=27	36.02% N=121	33.86% N=43	37.54% N=130	34.62% N=36	28.89% N=89
Any adult alcohol abuse or dependence	14.41% N=17	24.29% N=72	22.05% N=28	24.45% N=86	27.88% N=29	20.40% N=62
Any adult cannabis abuse or dependence	10.17% N=12	16.43% N=61	24.42% N=31	17.42% N=55	24.04% N=25	14.84% N=35
Any adult “hard” drug abuse or dependence	0.85% N=1	3.88% N=15	3.96% N=8	0.88% N=9	3.85% N=4	4.19% N=13
Any nicotine dependence	16.95% N=20	14.10% N=51	22.05% N=28	16.18% N=59	13.48% N=14	13.34% N=45
Any adult behavioral disorder	0.49% N=1	1.35% N=5	1.98% N=4	2.76% N=12	5.23% N=9	0.92% N=5
Any adult emotional disorder	5.34% N=11	13.05% N=71	5.94% N=12	6.33% N=38	6.40% N=11	9.61% N=33

N= number of live participants. %=percentage weighted to represent population