Table 1.

Main characteristics of selected studies

First author	Year	Ethnicity	Cases	Controls	Case			Control			Pathological parameters of cases
					Gly/Gly	Gly/Arg	Arg/Arg	Gly/Gly	Gly/Arg	Arg/Arg
Wang	2004	Caucasian	284	97	125	117	42	53	40	4	Stratified by Gleason score (7-9 vs. 5-6), pathological stage (T3 vs. T2), lymph node metastasis (positive vs. negative), and PSA recurrence (positive vs. negative)
Wang	2004	African American	45	94	37	6	2	76	18	0
FitzGerald	2009	Caucasian	1254	1251	587	544	123	631	496	124	Stratified by Gleason score [≥7(4+3) vs.≤7(3+4)], and pathological stage (regional/distant vs. local)
FitzGerald	2009	African American	146	80	104	39	3	60	18	2
Ho	2009	Caucasian	397	439	183	182	32	235	167	37	-
Ma	2008	Asian	492	344	163	196	133	125	152	67	Stratified by tumor stage (stage D vs. A+B+C) a, and Gleason score (8-10 vs. 2-7)

^a Stage A (T_1a-bN₀M₀), StageB (T_1c-2N₀M₀), Stage C (T_3-4N₀M₀) and Stage D (T_1-4N₁M_0-1 orT_1-4N_0-1M₁) by the modified Whitmore-Jewett system.