TABLE 1.
Child and Family Characteristics of Project Viva Participants (N = 1138)
| No Child Care (N = 489) | Any Child Care (N = 649) | |
|---|---|---|
| Child characteristics, mean (SD) | ||
| Gestational age at birth, wk | 39.5 (1.8) | 39.5 (1.7) |
| Breastfeeding duration at 1 y, mo | 6.7 (4.7) | 5.8 (4.4) |
| Sleep duration at 6 mo, h/d | 12.3 (1.2) | 12.2 (1.1) |
| Television viewing at 6 mo, h/d | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.2 (0.9) |
| Age at 1-y visit, mo | 12.4 (0.8) | 12.5 (0.7) |
| Age at 3-y visit, mo | 39.2 (3.9) | 39.0 (3.6) |
| Outcome measures, mean (SD) | ||
| 1-y WFL z score | 0.27 (1.01) | 0.39 (1.05) |
| 3-y BMI z score | 0.32 (0.97) | 0.51 (1.03) |
| 3-y SS+TR, mm | 16.5 (4.0) | 16.8 (4.1) |
| 3-y SS:TR, mm | 0.64 (0.16) | 0.64 (0.16) |
| Child care attendance, mean (SD), h/wk | ||
| Child care center | — | 11.3 (8.5) |
| Someone else’s home | — | 11.7 (8.3) |
| Own home | — | 9.6 (9.4) |
| Gender, female, % | 49.5 | 49.6 |
| Child race/ethnicity, % | ||
| Black | 14.1 | 15.3 |
| White | 66.5 | 66.6 |
| Hispanic | 3.9 | 5.2 |
| Other | 15.5 | 12.9 |
| Family characteristics, mean (SD) | ||
| Maternal age, y | 32.0 (5.1) | 32.6 (5.0) |
| Maternal prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 24.7 (5.4) | 25.1 (5.6) |
| Paternal BMI, kg/m2 | 26.4 (4.0) | 26.5 (3.9) |
| Annual household income, % | ||
| <$40 000 | 15.4 | 10.5 |
| $40 000–$70 000 | 26.2 | 19.8 |
| >$70 000 | 58.5 | 69.7 |
| Maternal education, % | ||
| ≤High school graduate | 11.7 | 6.8 |
| Some college | 23.8 | 20.3 |
| College graduate | 36.7 | 36.8 |
| Graduate degree | 27.9 | 36.2 |
| Maternal smoking, % | ||
| Never smoker | 67.0 | 69.0 |
| Former smoker | 21.0 | 21.3 |
| Smoker while pregnant | 12.1 | 9.8 |
| Maternal parity, % | ||
| 0 | 44.0 | 50.2 |
| 1 | 32.3 | 38.4 |
| 2 | 23.7 | 11.4 |