(A) Real time PCR data and (B) H2O2 measurement showed that TDCA (10−11 M) significantly increased NOX5-S mRNA level and H2O2 production. (C) Knockdown of NOX5-S by NOX5 small interfering RNA blocked TDCA-induced increase in thymidine incorporation in BAR-T cells. The data suggest that TDCA (low dose) may increase NOX5-S expression, H2O2 production and cell proliferation in BAR-T cells and that TDCA-induced increase in cell proliferation may depend on activation of NOX5-S. N=3, ANOVA,*P<0.01, compare with control, **P<0.05, compare with control siRNA+TDCA.