Table 1.
Characteristics of REGARDS study participants stratified by chronic kidney disease stage
| Chronic Kidney Disease stage | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No CKD (n=21081) | Stage 1–2 (n=2938) | Stage 3 (n=2683) | Stage 4–5 (n=215) | p - trend | |
| Age, years | 64.2 (9.0) | 66.4 (9.5) | 71.2 (9.1) | 68.7 (9.7) | <0.001 |
| Male, % | 45.1 | 49.2 | 41.2 | 45.1 | 0.190 |
| African-American, % | 39.2 | 52.9 | 36.5 | 58.1 | <0.001 |
| Stroke belt, % | 34.8 | 34.6 | 32.3 | 29.8 | 0.005 |
| Diabetes, % | 16.3 | 39.6 | 31.1 | 55.4 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 53.6 | 74.7 | 79.9 | 86.9 | <0.001 |
| Current smoking, % | 14.2 | 20.6 | 11.0 | 13.1 | 0.565 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.1 (6.0) | 30.4 (6.7) | 29.6 (6.4) | 31.0 (7.1) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease†, % | 11.1 | 17.3 | 23.5 | 33.0 | <0.001 |
| Symptoms of heart failure††, % | 4.4 | 5.8 | 6.0 | 11.2 | <0.001 |
| Elevated serum cholesterol, % | 38.9 | 44.3 | 52.5 | 56.7 | <0.001 |
| Statins, % | 28.7 | 34.3 | 44.4 | 48.4 | <0.001 |
| Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, % | 29.2 | 43.6 | 52.4 | 57.2 | <0.001 |
| ECG-Left ventricular hypertrophy, % | 4.2 | 9.6 | 8.0 | 14.6 | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein ≥3 mg/L, % | 37.8 | 50.3 | 46.4 | 57.6 | <0.001 |
CKD - chronic kidney disease.
Numbers in table are mean (standard deviation) or percentage.
†
Prior self-reported myocardial infarction, coronary stenting or coronary bypass.
††
Based on self-reported symptoms of having to sleep on two or more pillows to help breathing or awakening due to difficulty breathing.