. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Mar 8.

Published in final edited form as: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2010 Mar 26;16(3):517–525. doi: 10.1017/S1355617710000123

Table 1.

Participant characteristics

	Spina bifida	Control
Girls/boys	38/41	21/18
Ethnicity (% Caucasian, Hispanic, African American/Canadian; other)	72; 15; 3; 6	74; 8; 5; 13
SB-IV Vocabulary	49 (7)	55 (7)
SB-IV Pattern Analysis	47 (7)	56 (6)
Working Memory	27.6 (11.9)	37.8 (9.9)
WJ-R Letter-Word Identification	109 (12)	112 (11)
WJ-R Passage Comprehension	103 (12)	111 (13)
TORC Paragraph Reading	9.11 (2.63)	10.39 (2.63)

Note. The scores for the Stanford-Binet Tests of Intelligence-IV reflect Standard Age Scores (SD), which have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 8 on each subtest. Working memory scores represent participants’ mean (SD) accuracy scores on the N-back experimental task. WJ-R = Woodcock-Johnson-Revised Tests of Achievement. Scores on the WJ-R are reported as standard scores (SD), with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. TORC = Test of Reading Comprehension. Scores on the TORC are reported as scaled scores (SD), with a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 3.