Inhibition of MAPK/p38 activity favors a Th1 response. A, BMMφs were stimulated with OVA (100 μg/ml), OVA plus CpG (10 ng/ml) with and without SB203580 (5 μM) overnight. Supernatants were collected to detect IL-12p40 and IL-12p70. B, BMMφs were treated as described in A and cocultured with or without D011.10 T cells for 3 d. Supernatants were harvested to detect IFN-γ and IL-4 production by ELISA. C and D, D011.10 BALB/c mice were injected in the hind footpad with a 25-μl mixture containing OVA (25 μg) and CpG (0.5 μg) plus SB203580 (20 μM) (◯) or SB202474 (엯) on day 0 and again on day 7. On day 10, the mice received an injection of OVA (50 μg) i.p. Periorbital blood samples (~0.2 ml) were taken from mice at each time interval indicated in the figure legend. An ELISA was performed to detect IL-12p40 (C) and IL-12p70 (D). Values represent the mean ± SD (n = 4 mice/group). The p values were determined by a Student t test. *p < 0.05.