Table 1.
| Mechanism of t-DC induction | Treg phenotype | Origin of DC | DC phenotype | Mechanism of Treg induction | Disease Model | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Central suppressive tolerance | ||||||
| TSLP | CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ | Thymus | mDC | Watanabe et al., 2005 (81) | ||
| CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ | Thymus | pDC | Proietto et al., 2008 (76) Proietto et al., 2009 (77) |
|||
| Peripheral suppressive tolerance | ||||||
|
Dermal tolerance | ||||||
| Retinoic acid | CD4+Foxp3+ | Skin DC | CD103− iDC | IBD | Guilliams et al., 2010 (71) | |
| CD4+CTLA4+Foxp3+IL-10+TGFβ+ | Skin LN | DEC-205+ iDC | T1D | Bruder et al., 2005 (300) | ||
| CD4+CD25+CTLA4+ | Skin LN | DEC-205+ iDC | Mahnke et al., 2003 (301) | |||
|
Oral tolerance | ||||||
| CD4+CD25+* | Peyer’s Patches | CD11c+ CD11b+ | CIA | Min et al., 2006 (302) | ||
| CD25+* | Peyer’s Patches | pDC-like- CD8α+ | Bilsborough et al., 2003 (303) | |||
| CD25+IL-10+INFγ+* | Oral cavity | CD11c+ | Mascarell et al., 2008 (304) | |||
| CD25+Foxp3+* | Peyer’s Patches | CD11c+ IDO+ | CIA | Park et al., 2008 (305) | ||
| CD25+CD103+Foxp3+ | LP | (RA, TGFβ) | Sun et al., 2007 (93) | |||
| CD4+Foxp3+ | MLN and LP | CD103+ | (RA, TGFβ) | Coombes et al., 2007 (92) | ||
| CD4+Foxp3+ | MLN | CD103+ | IDO | IBD | Matteoli et al., 2010 (70) | |
| IEC secreting TGFβ, RA | CD4+CD25+Foxp3+* | BMDC or SpDC | CD103+ | IBD | Iliev et al., 2009 (106) | |
| IEC secreting TGFβ, RA | CD4+CD25+Foxp3+* | MLN | CD103+ | Iliev et al., 2009 (104) | ||
|
Systemic tolerance | ||||||
| CD4+IL-10+ | Spleen | CD11clow CD45RB+ |
Wakkach et al., 2003 (250) | |||
| CD4+* | Spleen | pDCs | Martín et al., 2002 (306) | |||
| CD4+Foxp3+* | Spleen | CD8α+ | EAE | Smith et al., 2010 (307) | ||
| CD4+CD25+Foxp3+* | Spleen | DEC-205+ | Kretschmer et al., 2005 (11) | |||
| CD4+CD25−* | hu-PBMC- pDC | BDCA4+Lin− CD123+ | IDO | Chen et al., 2008 (308) | ||
| CD4+CD25+Fopx3+ IL-10+TGFβ+ | hu-PBMC- pDC | BDCA4+Lin− CD123+ | Moseman et al., 2004 (309) | |||
| IL-10+* | hu-PBMC-pDC | BDCA4+Lin− CD123+ | CD275 | Ito et al., 2007 (310) | ||
| CCR4+CD25+Foxp3+* | Allograft draining LN | pDCs | HA | Ochando et al., 2006 (68) | ||
| CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ | Spleen and LN | pDC CCR9+ | aGVHD | Hadeiba et al., 2008 (311) | ||
|
Inhaled Tolerance | ||||||
| CD4+IL-10+* | Lung LN | IL-10 | Akbari et al., 2001 (251) | |||
| CD4+IL-10+* | Lung LN | IL-10 CD275 |
EA | Akbari et al., 2002 (312) | ||
| In vitro immature | ||||||
| CD4+CTLA-4+IL-10+* | huMoDC | CD83− | Jonuleit et al., 2000 (313) | |||
| CD4+IL-10+ | huMoDC | CD83− | Dhodapkar et al., 2001 (314) | |||
| CD8+IL-10+* | huMoDC | Dhodapkar et al., 2002 (315) | ||||
| CD4+IL-10+* | huMoDC | CD1a+CD83−ILT3+ILT4+ | IL-10 | Levings et al., 2005 (316) | ||
| CD4+IL-10+ | huMoDC | iDC | CD275 | Tuettenberg et al., 2009 (317) | ||
| CD4+CD25+Foxp3+IL-10+TGFβ+ | huMoDC | Cools et al., 2008 (318) | ||||
| CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ | BMDC | PA | Stepkowski et al., 2006 (319) | |||