Table 3.
| Mechanism of t-DC induction | Treg phenotype | Origin of DC | DC phenotype | Mechanism of Treg induction | Disease Model | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimentally-induced tolerogenic DC | ||||||
|
Biological-induced tolerogenic DC | ||||||
| Galectin 1 | CD4+IL-10+ | BMDC | IL-27 | EAE | Ilarregui et al., 2009 (331) | |
| CD40L+IL-3 | CD4+CD25+Foxp3+IL-10+TGFβ+ | Thymus | pDC | Martín-Gayo et al., 2010 (78) | ||
| IL-10+IFNα | CD8+CD28− | huMoDC | Qin et al., 2008 (332) | |||
| Blocking CD200R | CD4+CD25+* | BMDC | SA | Gorczynski et al., 2004 (199) | ||
| Thymosin α1+TLR9 | CD4+CD25+* IL-10+* | BMDC | Romani et al., 2006 (333) | |||
| In vivo-inducedGM-CSF DC | CD4+Foxp3+IL-10+* | Spleen | iCD8α− | EAT | Ganesh et al., 2009 (334) | |
| Vitamin D3 | CD4+IL-10+* | huMoDC | smDC | PD-L1 | Unger et al., 2009 (115) | |
| Vitamin D3+ Dexamethasone +LPS | CD4+IL-10+ | huMoDC | CCR7+ | Anderson et al., 2009 (116) | ||
| Vitamin D3 | CD4+Foxp3+* | huMoDC | Penna et al., 2005 (335) | |||
| Vitamin D3 | CD4+CD25+Foxp3+CD62L+ | BMDC | iDC | Ureta et al., 2007 (118) | ||
| P-selectin | CD4+CD25+CD25+Foxp3+* | huMoDC | Urzainqui et al., 2007 (336) | |||
| CTLA4-Ig fusion protein | CD4+CD25+Foxp3+* | Spleen | TGFβ | CIA | Ko et al., 2010 (337) | |
| Estrogen | CD28−* | Spleen | EAE | Pettersson et al., 2004 (338) | ||
| VIP | CD4+TGFβ+IL-10+* | BMDC | IBD | Gonzalez-Rey et al., 2006 (339) | ||
| VIP | CD4+TGFβ+IL-10+* CD8+CD28−* | huMoDC | iDC | Gonzalez-Rey et al., 2006 (340) | ||
| VIP | CD4+IL-10+ | BMDC | iDC IL-10+ | DTH | Delgado et al., 2005 (341) | |
| VIP | CD4+TGFβ+IL-10+* | BMDC | iDC IL-10+ | EAE RA |
Chorny et al., 2005 (342) | |
| VIP | CD4+IL-10+* | BMDC | iDC | GVHD | Chorny et al., 2006 (343) | |
| BiP | CD4+CD25+CD27+* | huMoDC | IDO, IL10 | Corrigall et al., 2009 (344) | ||
| HGF | CD4+CD25+Foxp3+IL-10+ | Spleen | EAE | Benkhoucha et al., 2010 (345) | ||
| HGF | CD4+CD25+Foxp3+IL-10+* | huMoDC | ILT3, IL-10 | Rutella et al., 2006 (196) | ||
| TSLP | CD25+Foxp3+* | BMDC | iDC | T1D | Besin et al., 2008 (40) | |
| HLA-G | CD25+CTLA-4+* | huMoDC | Ristich et al., 2005 (197) | |||
| ILT3 | CD8+CD28−* | BMDC | Vlad et al., 2010 (272) 2010 | |||
| IL-10 | CD4+CTLA-4+* CD8+* | huMoDC | Steinbrink et al., 2002 (346) | |||
| IL-10 | CD25+Foxp3+LAG3+CTLA4+* | huMoDC | iDC ILT2+ IL-10+ | Li et al., 2010 (347) | ||
| IL-10 | IL-10+Vα24+iNKT* | huMoDC | smDC | Yamaura et al., 2008 (348) | ||
| IL-10 | CD4+CD25+IL-10+* | huMoDC | iDC | xGVHD | Sato et al., 2003 (349) | |
| IL-10 | CD4+IL-10+ | PBMC | DC-10 | ILT4 | Gregori et al., 2010 (271) | |
| IL-10 | CD4+* | huMoDC | Pacciani et al., 2010 (350) | |||
| IL-10 | CD4+* | huMoDC | iDC IL-10+ | Torres-Aguilar et al., 2010 (351) | ||
| IL-10 | CD4+IL-10+ | BMDC | CD11clow CD45RB+ |
Wakkach et al., 2003 (250) | ||
| IL-10 | CD4+* | huMoDC | Kubsch et al., 2003 (352) | |||
| IL-10+TGFβ | CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ | BMDC | CD200R3+ CD49+ |
cGVHD | Sato et al., 2009 (353) | |
| IL-10+TGFβ | CD4+CD25+Foxp3+* | BMDC | iDC | Fujita et al., 2007 (354) | ||
| IL-10+TGFβ | CD4+* | huMoDC | iDC IL-10+ | Torres-Aguilar et al., 2010 (351) | ||
| TGFβ | CD4+CD25+CTLA-4+* | BMDC | iDC | aGVHD | Sato et al., 2003 (355) | |
| TNFα | CD4+CD25+* | BMDC | smDC | SA | Fu et al., 2010 (219) | |
| TNFα | CD4+CD25+* | BMDC | smDC IL-10+ |
SA | Fu et al., 2009 (356) | |
| TNFα | CD4+Foxp3+* | BMDC | smDC | EAE | Zozulya et al., 2009 (357) | |
| TNFα | CD4+CD25+IL-10+CTLA4+GITR+Foxp3+* | BMDC | smDC | EAT | Verginis et al., 2005 (358) | |
| TNFα | CD4+IL-10+ | BMDC | smDC | EAE | Menges et al., 2002 (359) | |
| IFNγ | CD4+Foxp3+* | huMoDC | smDC | Eljaafari et al., 2009 (314) | ||
| Anti-CD45RB+LF15 0195 | CD25+* | Spleen | iDC | HA | Min et al., 2003 (360) | |
| E-cadherin | CD4+IL-10+ | BMDC | mDC | EAE | Jiang et al., 2007 (361) | |
|
Pharmacologically-induced tolerogenic DC | ||||||
| Aspirin | CD25+Foxp3+* | huMoDC | iDC | Buckland et al., 2006 (211) | ||
| Dexamethasone | CD4+IL-10+* | huMoDC | smDC | Unger et al., 2009 (115) | ||
| Dexamethasone | CD4+IL-10+* | huMoDC | smDC | Anderson et al., 2008 (119) | ||
| Resveratrol | CD4+IL-10+ | huMoDC | iDC | Svajger et al., 2010 (212) | ||
| Rosiglitazone (NFkB inhibitor) | Foxp3+ | BMDC | iDC | EAE | Iruretagoyena et al., 2006 (206) | |
| LF 15-0195 (IKK inhibitor) | CD4+CD25+CTLA4+Foxp3+* | BMDC | iDC | HA | Zhang et al., 2008 (207) | |
| Curcumin | CD4+CD25+Foxp3+IL10+* | BMDC | IL-10, TGFβ, RA | IBD | Cong et al., 2009 (208) | |
| Prednisolone | * | huMoDC | iDC | MG | Luther et al., 2009 (362) | |
|
Genetically-induced tolerogenic DC | ||||||
| SOCS3KO | CD25+Foxp3+* | BMDC | iDC | TGFβ | EAE | Matsumura et al., 2007 (363) |
| Dominant negative IKK2 transduction | * | BMDC | iDC | Tomasoni et al., 2005 (234) | ||
| Foxp3 transduction | CD25+* | huMoDC | TGFβ | Lipscomb et al., 2010 (237) | ||
| IL-10 transduced | CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+IL-10+* | BMDC | smDC | IL-10 | EA | Henry et al., 2008 (203) |
| CD40/80/86 KD | * | BMDC | CIA | Zheng et al., 2010 (235) | ||
| RelB KD | Foxp3+ | BMDC | EAMG | Yang et al., 2010 (232) | ||
| RelBKO | CD4+IL-10+* | BMDC | iDC | Martin et al., 2003 (231) | ||
| RelB KD | CD4+Foxp3+ | iDC | Zhang et al., 2009 (233) | |||
| CD40 KD | IL-10+* | BMDC | IL-10 | EAMG | Martin et al., 2003 (231) | |
IBD: Intestinal Bowel Disease, CIA: Collagen-Induced Arthritis, CLP: Cecal Ligation and Puncture, EAE: Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, EAMG: Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis, MG: Myasthenia Gravis, CAV: Chronic Allograft Vasculopathy, GVHD: Graft Versus Host Disease, cGVHD: chronic Graft Versus Host Disease, aGVHD: acute Graft Versus Host Disease, EAT: Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis, LA: Laryngeal Allograft, T1D: Type 1 Diabetes, SA: Skin Allograft, HA: Heart Allograft, AIH: Allergen-induced Immediate Hypersensitivity, EAU: Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis, KA: Kidney Allograft, XGVHD: xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease, ABPA: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, EA: Experimental asthma, PA: Pancreatic Allograft, DTH: delayed-type hypersensitivity, TI: Tumor implantation, CP: Cancer-bearing patients,
*
with suppressive activity