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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Feb 25.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Biol. 2011 Feb 25;18(2):252–263. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.12.008

Figure 1. A mixture of pyridine regioisomers causes heterotaxia in Xenopus.

Figure 1

Embryos were treated with A) DMSO or B) 200μM active pool. C) Ventral view of organs in intact DMSO control tadpole. Ventral (D) and left ventral (E) views of tadpole in C with skin removed, showing the normal asymmetry (arrowhead, D) of the foregut loop, and the normal counterclockwise rotation of the intestine (curved arrow, E). F) Tadpole exposed to active pool. Ventral (G) and right ventral (H) view of tadpole in F with skin removed, showing the reversed position (arrowhead, G) of the foregut loop. The intestine is coiling in the normal direction (curved arrow, H), but is located on the opposite side of the animal. Ventral views of tadpole exposed to active pool (I-K), show normal foregut looping (arrowhead, J), but the intestine coiling in the reversed direction (i.e., clockwise; curved arrow, K). L) Ventral view of heart of DMSO control, with outflow tract (conus, c) and ventricle (v) indicated, with the normal direction of cardiac looping (curved arrow). M-N) Two examples of heterotaxin-induced reversed heart looping (curved arrows).