Table 2.
Means and standard errors (SE) for sleep parameters as measured by daily sleep diaries
| Acute treatment |
Extended treatment |
Follow-up |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre |
Post I |
Post II |
6-months |
||||||||
| Condition |
Mean (SE) |
Mean (SE) |
Change (95% CI) |
d | Condition |
Mean (SE) |
Change (95% CI) |
d |
Mean (SE) |
Change (95% CI) |
d |
| Sleep onset latency (min) | |||||||||||
| CBT | 37.18 (2.69) |
17.32 (2.77) |
−19.9 (−26.1, −3.6) |
−0.83 | CBT | 18.91 (2.53) |
3.6 (−3.4, 10.5) |
0.17 | 16.43 (2.08) |
−1.8 (−9.1, 5.5) |
−0.09 |
| No txt | 22.41 (2.63) |
3.6 (−3.7, 10.8) |
0.17 | 18.30 (2.04) |
−4.1 (−11.5, 3.3) |
−0.20 | |||||
| Combined CBT/Med |
29.73 (2.69) |
17.80 (2.80) |
−11.9 (−18.2, −5.6) |
−0.50 | CBT/ Taper |
18.27 (2.58) |
0.2 (−7.0, 7.3) |
0.01 | 14.07 (2.12) |
−3.9 (−11.4, 3.7) |
−0.19 |
| CBT/ Medprn |
15.23 (2.66) |
−2.4 (−9.8, 5.0) |
−0.12 | 16.19 (2.18) |
1.1 (−6.8, 8.9) |
0.05 | |||||
| Wake after sleep onset (min) | |||||||||||
| CBT | 116.50 (4.93) |
47.79 (5.07) |
−68.7 (−79.7, −57.8) |
−1.56 | CBT | 61.63 (5.43) |
12.7* (0.4, 25.0) |
0.32 | 56.05 (5.53) |
−5.4 (−18.3, 7.5) |
−0.13 |
| No txt | 58.99 (5.61) |
13.6* (0.7, 26.5) |
0.34 | 62.68 (5.45) |
3.3 (−9.8, 16.3) |
0.08 | |||||
| Combined CBT+Med |
128.55 (4.93) |
45.62 (5.13) |
−82.9 (−94.0, −71.9) |
−1.88 | CBT/ Taper |
48.16 (5.52) |
6.3 (−6.4, 18.9) |
0.16 | 47.21 (5.64) |
−1.4 (−14.7, 12.0) |
−0.03 |
| CBT/ Medprn |
65.82 (5.68) |
15.9 (2.8, 28.9) |
0.39 | 63.90 (5.77) |
−2.1 (−16.0, 11.9) |
−0.05 | |||||
| Total sleep time (min) | |||||||||||
| CBT | 343.97 (7.06) |
338.38 (7.17) |
−5.6 (−16.1, 4.9) |
−0.09 | CBT | 363.41 (8.40) |
26.3 (11.2, 41.4) |
0.43 | 382.70 (10.25) |
21.0 (5.2, 36.7) |
0.34 |
| No txt | 385.34 (8.61) |
41.5 (25.7, 57.2) |
0.68 | 388.77 (10.14) |
5.0 (−11.0, 21.0) |
0.08 | |||||
| Combined CBT+Med |
348.87 (7.06) |
359.14 (7.22) |
10.3 (−0.3, 20.9) |
0.16 | CBT/ Taper |
390.82 (8.50) |
27.3 (11.9, 42.8) |
0.45 | 399.26 (10.41) |
9.5 (−6.9, 25.9) |
0.16 |
| CBT/ Medprn |
372.54 (8.69) |
18.1* (2.1, 34.1) |
0.30 | 390.81 (10.59) |
17.8* (0.8, 34.8) |
0.29 | |||||
| Sleep efficiency (%) | |||||||||||
| CBT | 68.99 (1.32) |
83.36 (1.35) |
14.4 (11.8, 16.9) |
1.22 | CBT | 81.43 (1.48) |
−2.0 (−5.0, 1.1) |
−0.18 | 83.81 (1.48) |
2.3 (−1.0, 5.5) |
0.21 |
| No txt | 82.38 (1.53) |
−1.6 (−4.8, 1.6) |
−0.15 | 82.50 (1.46) |
0.2 (−3.0, 3.5) |
0.02 | |||||
| Combined CBT/Med |
68.64 (1.32) |
84.46 (1.37) |
15.8 (13.3, 18.4) |
1.34 | CBT/ Taper |
85.49 (1.51) |
0.1 (−3.1, 3.2) |
0.01 | 86.68 (1.50) |
1.2 (−2.1, 4.6) |
0.11 |
| CBT/ Medprn |
82.04 (1.55) |
−1.4 (−4.7, 1.8) |
−0.13 | 82.68 (1.54) |
0.6 (−2.8. 4.1) |
0.06 | |||||
Note. * These comparisons were no longer significant after applying a correction (P values between 0.02 and 0.05).