Table 1:
Baseline characteristics of 2710 men according to occupational group and work ability in midlife
| Characteristic | Work ability among white-collar employees |
Work ability among blue-collar employees |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excellent, n = 247 | Moderate, n = 416 | Poor, n = 141 | p value | Excellent, n = 344 | Moderate, n = 962 | Poor, n = 600 | p value | |
| Age, yr, mean (SD) | 49.7 (3.5) | 50.4 (3.6) | 51.3 (3.5) | < 0.001* | 49.9 (3.5) | 50.3 (3.6) | 50.9 (3.7) | < 0.001* |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 24.2 (3.2) | 24.9 (3.4) | 25.0 (3.8) | < 0.001* | 25.5 (3.4) | 25.6 (3.4) | 26.1 (3.8) | 0.189* |
| Net family income over 1700€ per month, % | 94.7 | 89.3 | 84.8 | 0.005† | 66.7 | 59.0 | 52.3 | < 0.001† |
| Began full-time work before age 18 yr, % | 35.6 | 49.4 | 59.3 | < 0.001† | 78.4 | 81.6 | 86.9 | 0.002† |
| Smoking status, % | < 0.001† | < 0.001† | ||||||
| Never smoked | 45.1 | 36.8 | 31.2 | 32.0 | 23.4 | 20.4 | ||
| Used to smoke | 43.5 | 42.4 | 39.7 | 33.7 | 44.7 | 41.8 | ||
| Currently smokes | 11.4 | 20.8 | 29.1 | 34.3 | 31.9 | 37.8 | ||
| Alcohol intake, % | 0.111† | 0.207† | ||||||
| None | 13.9 | 12.1 | 9.9 | 13.2 | 11.2 | 12.2 | ||
| ≥ 2 drinks/month | 64.8 | 67.0 | 58.9 | 70.7 | 69.1 | 65.7 | ||
| ≥ 1 drink/week | 21.3 | 20.9 | 31.2 | 16.1 | 19.7 | 22.1 | ||
| Physical activity, % | < 0.001† | < 0.001† | ||||||
| Very active | 68.6 | 51.5 | 45.0 | 54.7 | 42.3 | 34.8 | ||
| Moderately active | 27.3 | 45.1 | 47.9 | 36.2 | 47.5 | 50.5 | ||
| Inactive | 4.1 | 3.4 | 7.1 | 9.1 | 10.2 | 14.7 | ||
| Musculoskeletal disease, % | 14.6 | 27.6 | 56.7 | < 0.001† | 17.2 | 36.0 | 60.3 | < 0.001† |
| Heart and circulatory disease, % | 10.1 | 21.9 | 41.1 | < 0.001† | 9.0 | 21.3 | 37.8 | < 0.001† |
| Respiratory disease, % | 4.5 | 12.0 | 19.1 | < 0.001† | 4.4 | 10.0 | 22.0 | < 0.001† |
| Metabolic disease, % | 2.8 | 7.7 | 17.0 | < 0.001† | 2.9 | 8.0 | 12.8 | < 0.001† |
Note: BMI = body mass index, SD = standard deviation.
*
ANOVA (analysis of variance).
†
χ2 test.