Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| Schizophrenia N=100 | Normal Controls N=100 | Statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 43.3 ± 11.4 | 37.1 ± 10.6 | t=3.99, df=198, p=0.00009 |
| Sex (male) | 71 (71%) | 65 (65%) | χ2=0.83, df=1, p=0.36 |
| Race | χ2= 17.2, df=2, 0.0002 | ||
| White | 61(61%) | 32 (32%) | |
| African American | 37(37%) | 66 (66%) | |
| Other Races | 2 (2%) | 2 (2%) | |
| Level of Education (years) | 12.0 ± 2.0 | 11.8 ± 1.8 | t=−0.9, df=193, p=0.39 |
| Marital Status | χ2 =3.2, df=3, p=0.37 | ||
| Presently married | 4 (4%) | 9 (9%) | |
| Widowed | 1 (1%) | 2 (2%) | |
| Divorced/separated | 17 (18%) | 22 (22%) | |
| Single | 73 (77%) | 66 (67%) | |
| Level of family support* | 63.1 ± 29.7 | 65.9 ± 33.4 | t=0.63, df=193, p=0.53 |
| Expired CO** | 28.0 ± 14.5 | 22.9 ± 8.0 | t=0.27, df=1 p=0.61 |
| Age at beginning of regular smoking (years) | 16.2 ± 5.4 | 15.6 ± 5.5 | t=−0.78, df=192, p=0.44 |
| Age at first puff (years) | 14.1 ± 4.8 | 13.3 ± 5.1 | t=−1.12, df=192, p=0.27 |
| Age at first whole cigarette (years) | 15.1 ± 4.6 | 15.0 ± 5.0 | t=−0.05, df=192, p=0.96 |
| FTND*** | 5.5 ± 2.0 (N=72) | 5.3 ± 2.0 | T=−0.50, df=165, p=0.62 |
| Number of cigarettes smoked daily | 17.9 ± 11.6 | 17.0 ± 7.9 | T=−0.67, df=174, p=0.51 |
| Outpatients N=72 | 21.4 ± 11.8 | ||
| Inpatients N=28 | 9.0 ± 3.8 | ||
*
100 mm VAS (100 fully supportive, 0 no support)
**
approximately 10–15 minutes after smoking cigarette
***
Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Only applicable to outpatients due to the inability of inpatients to smoke first thing in the morning (questions on dependency relating to morning cigarettes).
No differences clinical differences in data between inpatients and outpatients except in number of cigarettes per day, which is noted above (T=7.91, df=96, p<0.001). Inpatients were those in a volunteer program with smoking and ground privileges.