TABLE 1.
Group Means of Analysis Variables (Adjusted for Nonprobability Sampling), by Race and Gender
| Caucasian Girls (N = 18,078) | Caucasian Boys (N = 17,566) | African American Girls (N = 4,653) | African American Boys (N = 3,535) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Range | Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean |
| Grade in school | 7–12 | 9.65a | 9.71a | 9.62a | 9.59a |
| Nonsport† | 0–1 | 0.68a | 0.46b | 0.66a | 0.44b |
| Social desirability† | 0–1 | 0.14b | 0.17a | 0.12b | 0.17a |
| Mother’s education† | 0–1 | 0.43a | 0.43a | 0.41a | 0.41a |
| Two-parent family† | 0–1 | 0.80a | 0.79a | 0.49b | 0.50b |
| Academic success | 1–4 | 3.12a | 2.99b | 2.83c | 2.69d |
| Sports participation† | 0–1 | 0.56c | 0.65b | 0.53c | 0.70a |
| School attachment | 1–5 | 3.47a | 3.51a | 3.32b | 3.48a |
| Physical well-being | 2.5–5 | 3.74c | 4.09a | 3.72c | 4.01b |
| Self-esteem | 2.5–5 | 3.75c | 3.97b | 3.99b | 4.13a |
Notes: Means with the same subscript are not significantly different at the p < .05 level.
†
These values represent the proportion of respondents reporting involvement in a nonsport extracurricular activity, never having lied to their parents in the past year, having a residential mother or mother figure who has had at least some education or training beyond high school, belonging to a family with two parental figures, and current or anticipated participation in at least one active sport.