Table 1.

Characteristics and Clinical Courses of the Study Patients

TLIF, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion; AD, adjacent disc degeneration after spinal operation; DH, disc herniation; OPLL, ossification of ligamentum flavum; SCS, spinal canal stenosis; DS, degenerative scoliosis; SL, spondylolisthesis.

^*Diagnosis.