Table 5.
Caregiver-perceived distress according to problem behavior of patient (N = 69)a
| Caregiver-perceived distress |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 month |
6 months |
|||||||||
| Patient’s problem behavior | No. (%) of yes responses |
Mean | SD | No. (%) of item scores ≥ 2 |
No. (%) of yes responses |
Mean | SD | No. (%) of item scores ≥ 2 |
χ2 | P |
| Having difficulty in doing things for self | 47 (68) | 0.9 | 1.2 | 15 (22) | 25 (36) | 0.6 | 1.1 | 13 (19) | 4.6 | .03b |
| Being anxious or worried | 44 (64) | 1.0 | 1.1 | 19 (28) | 37 (54) | 0.8 | 1.1 | 19 (28) | 4.9 | .03b |
| Having pain or discomfort | 41 (59) | 1.1 | 1.2 | 24 (35) | 37 (54) | 1.0 | 1.4 | 20 (29) | 11. 9 | <.001b |
| Appearing sad or distressed | 36 (52) | 0.9 | 1.2 | 19 (28) | 29 (42) | 0.7 | 1.1 | 18 (26) | 11.3 | .001b |
| Arguing, irritable, or complaining | 30 (44) | 0.6 | 1.0 | 12 (17) | 22 (32) | 0.5 | 0.9 | 9 (13) | 5.3 | .02b |
| Having trouble falling asleep | 29 (42) | 0.5 | 0.8 | 11 (16) | 26 (38) | 0.5 | 0.9 | 9 (13) | 6.5 | .01b |
| Crying or tearful | 26 (38) | 0.7 | 1.2 | 16 (23) | 18 (26) | 0.5 | 1.1 | 13 (19) | 8.7 | .003b |
| Making comments about feeling worthless or being a burden to others | 25 (36) | 0.4 | 0.9 | 7 (10) | 21 (30) | 0.6 | 1.1 | 13 (19) | 16.2 | <.001b |
| Having difficulty understanding people | 22 (32) | 0.4 | 0.8 | 6 (9) | 13 (19) | 0.2 | 0.5 | 3 (4) | 0.3 | .57 |
| Having difficulty in swallowing | 21 (30) | 0.4 | 1.0 | 8 (12) | 16 (23) | 0.3 | 0.7 | 5 (7) | 14.4 | <.001b |
| Having problems with hearing | 21 (30) | 0.3 | 0.7 | 5 (7) | 14 (20) | 0.3 | 0.8 | 5 (7) | 13.9 | <.001b |
| Having difficulty in following directions | 20 (29) | 0.3 | 0.8 | 5 (7) | 15 (22) | 0.2 | 0.5 | 4 (6) | 5.5 | .02b |
| Expressing feelings of hopelessness or sadness about the future | 19 (28) | 0.6 | 1.1 | 12 (17) | 18 (26) | 0.5 | 1.0 | 12 (17) | 18.7 | <.001b |
| Waking up others at night | 14 (20) | 0.1 | 0.5 | 3 (4) | 15 (22) | 0.2 | 0.6 | 3 (4) | 4.6 | .03b |
| Making comments about feeling like a failure or about not having any worthwhile accomplishment in life | 9 (13) | 0.1 | 0.5 | 3 (4) | 12 (17) | 0.3 | 0.8 | 6 (9) | 5.3 | .02b |
| Making comments about death of self or others | 10 (15) | 0.3 | 0.9 | 5 (7) | 11 (16) | 0.4 | 1.0 | 7 (10) | 10.1 | .001b |
| Having nightmares | 7 (10) | 0.1 | 0.6 | 3 (4) | 9 (13) | 0.2 | 0.7 | 3 (4) | 1.7 | .20 |
| Engaging in behaviors that are potentially dangerous to self or others | 5 (7) | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2 (3) | 8 (12) | 0.2 | 0.7 | 4 (6) | 0.7 | .40 |
| Caregiver-perceived distress total score | 8.9 | 9.3 | 7.9 | 9.6 | ||||||
a
Caregiver-perceived distress at 1 month and at 6 months after discharge from the intensive care unit reflected by the percentage of caregivers who reported problem behavior, item means, and percentage of caregivers who were moderately, very much, or extremely bothered or upset by the patient’s problem behavior (item score ≥2).
b
χ2 test shows a difference in the proportion of caregivers who identified the presence of each behavior at 1 month and at 6 months after discharge from the intensive care unit.