Table 1.

Cancer Hallmarks and the Key Growth Regulatory Pathways that Contribute to Carcinogenesis in Barrett’s Esophagus. The pathways that cause invasion and metastasis and establish the inflammatory microenvironment are not yet known. The establishment of an inflammatory microenvironment might contribute to the ability of tumor cells to invade and metastasize

Cancer Hallmark	Key Growth Regulatory Pathway
provide growth signals	Ras Pathway
Avoid Growth Inhibitory Signals	p16/Rb and p53 Pathways
Resist Apoptosis	p53 Pathway, Ras pathway
Replicate Without Limit	Telomerase-Dependent Senescence Pathway, p16/Rb pathway, p53 pathway
Synthesize New Blood Vessels	Ras Pathway
Invade and Metastasize	?? ?? Inflammatory Microenvironment
Inflammatory Microenvironment	??