Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 31,823 respondents by chocolate intake; Mean ±standard deviation or n(%)
| None (n=4705) | 1–3 servings / month (n=16912) | 1–2 servings / week (n=7648) | 3–6 servings / week (n=2046) | ≥1 servings / day (n=512) | P-Value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 62.1±9.0 | 60.4±8.6 | 60.0±8.6 | 60.4±8.9 | 64.7±9.9 | <.0001 |
| Physical activity (MET hr/d)* | 42.6±5.0 | 42.5±4.7 | 42.3±4.6 | 41.8±4.6 | 41.7±5.1 | <.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.2±4.2 | 25.0±3.9 | 24.7±3.7 | 24.3±3.9 | 23.9±3.8 | <.0001 |
| Cigarette smoking (%)** | 0.0002 | |||||
| Never | 2437 (51.8) | 8819 (52.2) | 3954 (51.7) | 990 (48.4) | 263 (51.4) | |
| Past | 1135 (24.1) | 4055 (24.0) | 1793 (23.4) | 458 (22.4) | 110 (21.5) | |
| Current | 1076 (22.9) | 3788 (22.4) | 1778 (23.3) | 561 (27.4) | 127 (24.8) | |
| Living alone (%) | 3361 (71.4) | 13057 (77.2) | 5899 (77.0) | 1495 (73.1) | 332 (64.8) | <.0001 |
| Postmenopausal hormone therapy (%) | 2217 (47.1) | 8511 (50.3) | 3865 (50.5) | 1129 (55.2) | 245 (47.9) | <.0001 |
| Education (%)*** | <.0001 | |||||
| Less than high school | 3624 (77.0) | 12216 (72.2) | 5163 (67.5) | 1286 (62.9) | 355 (69.3) | |
| High school | 362 (7.7) | 1396 (8.3) | 719 (9.4) | 197 (9.6) | 43 (8.4) | |
| University | 695 (14.8) | 3263 (19.3) | 1757 (23.0) | 557 (27.2) | 113 (22.1) | |
| Family history of MI before 60 (%) | 716 (15.2) | 2360 (14.0) | 944 (12.3) | 238 (11.6) | 57 (11.1) | <.0001 |
| History of hypertension (%) | 1048 (22.3) | 3203 (18.9) | 1321 (17.3) | 368 (18.0) | 92 (18.0) | <.0001 |
| History of high cholesterol (%) | 433 (9.2) | 1323 (7.8) | 535 (7.0) | 158 (7.7) | 30 (5.9) | 0.0002 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1644.3±524.2 | 1721.6±490.1 | 1842.5±500.7 | 1966.9±517.1 | 2202.0±681.0 | <.0001 |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 3.7±5.8 | 4.3±5.1 | 4.9±5.1 | 5.6±5.8 | 5.0±6.7 | <.0001 |
*
MET= Metabolic Equivalent of Task
**
479 with no data on smoking history
***
23 with no data on education level