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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain. 2010 Dec 13;12(3):390–400. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.09.008

Table 4.

Differences in subjective sleep measures between oncology patients with (n=69) and without (n=113) pain

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Parameter Age Gender Pain Group Group ×
Gender		 No Pain* Pain* No Pain
Males* 		Pain
Males* 		Contrast
p		 No Pain
Females* 		Pain
Females* 		Contrast
p
F p F p F p F p N = 113 N = 68 N = 68 N = 27 N = 45 N=41
Quality 4.20 .04 0.36 .55 5.90 .02 0.23 .63 0.88 ± .07 1.15 ± .09 0.94 ± .09 1.17 ± .14 NS 0.81 ± .11 1.14 ± .12 NS
Latency 8.66 .004 5.35 .02 2.35 .13 0.54 .46 0.93 ± .09 1.14 ± .11 0.80 ± .11 0.91 ± .17 NS 1.06 ± .14 1.38 ± .15 NS
Duration 3.95 .048 0.04 .84 0.50 .48 0.05 .82 0.92 ± .09 1.03 ± .12 0.96 ± .12 1.03 ± .18 NS 0.89 ± .14 1.03 ± .15 NS
Sleep efficiency 0.17 .69 2.70 .10 0.30 .58 0.23 .64 0.66 ± .09 0.74 ± .12 0.55 ± .13 0.56 ± .19 NS 0.76 ± .15 0.92 ± .16 NS
Disturbance 0.03 .87 3.66 .06 19.5 <.001 0.01 .93 1.31 ± .05 1.68 ± .07 1.22 ± .07 1.59 ± .10 NS 1.40 ± .08 1.76 ± .09 NS
Use of sleep meds 0.38 .54 5.51 .02 3.69 .06 0.34 .56 0.62 ± .11 0.97 ± .14 0.33 ± .15 0.78 ± .23 NS 0.91 ± .18 1.16 ± .19 NS
Daytime dysfunction 1.89 .17 1.62 .20 3.48 .06 6.02 .02 0.79 ± .06 0.98 ± .08 0.58 ± .09 1.03 ± .13 .004 0.99 ± .10 .928 ± .11 .68
Global score 2.62 .11 4.75 .03 7.92 .005 0.02 .90 6.07 ± .34 7.64 ± .44 5.35 ± .45 6.99 ± .69 NS 6.79 ± .54 8.29 ± .58 NS
General Sleep Disturbance Scale
Quality 8.41 .004 0.07 .80 4.46 .04 0.06 .81 2.24 ± .18 2.86 ± .23 2.16 ± .24 2.85 ± .37 NS 2.32 ± .29 2.86 ± .30 NS
Quantity 1.86 .17 1.45 .23 3.75 .06 1.05 .31 4.28 ± .12 4.65 ± .15 4.05 ± .16 4.62 ± .24 NS 4.51 ± .19 4.68 ± .20 NS
Onset latency 3.75 .06 6.15 .01 3.44 .07 0.80 .37 1.47 ± .19 2.05 ± .25 1.18 ± .25 1.47 ± .39 NS 1.77 ± .30 2.63 ± .33 NS
Mid-sleep awakenings 0.97 .33 0.01 .91 2.57 .11 0.36 .55 4.42 ± .25 5.06 ± .32 4.32 ± .33 5.20 ± .50 NS 4.51 ± .40 4.91 ± .42 NS
Early awakenings 1.41 .24 1.55 .22 0.96 .33 0.18 .67 2.31 ± .22 2.66 ± .28 2.14 ± .29 2.34 ± .44 NS 2.50 ± .35 2.98 ± .37 NS
Medications 0.03 .87 0.28 .60 7.22 .008 0.53 .47 0.24 ± .06 0.48 ± .07 0.18 ± .07 0.49 ± .12 NS 0.30 ± .09 0.48 ± .10 NS
Daytime sleepiness 0.13 .72 2.82 .10 5.07 .03 1.57 .21 1.77 ± .13 2.24 ± .17 1.44 ± .17 2.17 ± .26 NS 2.10 ± .21 2.31 ± .22 NS
Total score 2.10 .15 2.15 .14 9.57 .002 0.93 .34 37.20 ± 1.79 46.27 ± 2.32 33.37 ± 2.39 45.25 ± 3.65 NS 41.04 ± 2.86 47.30 ± 3.07 NS

NS = Not significant

*

Values are age-adjusted means ± standard errors of the mean