Table 5.

Differences in nocturnal sleep/rest, daytime wake/activity, and circadian activity rhythm parameters between oncology patients with (n=69) and without (n=113) pain

Nocturnal Sleep/Rest
Parameter	Age		Gender		Pain Group		Group × Gender		No Pain*	Pain*	No Pain Males*	Pain Males*	Contrast p	No Pain Females*	Pain Females*	Contrast p
	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	N = 107	N = 63	N = 65	N = 25		N = 42	N = 38
Sleep onset latency	0.42	.52	4.02	.047	7.43	.007	4.46	.04	13.46 ± 2.25	23.54 ± 2.93	13.82 ± 3.00	31.71 ± 4.65	.01	13.10 ± 3.65	15.37 ± 3.90	.39
% wake at night	0.01	.95	17.76	<.001	11.57	.001	10.50	.001	12.36 ± 1.15	18.78 ± 1.50	13.88 ± 1.53	26.40 ± 2.37	<.001	10.85 ± 1.86	11.16 ± 1.99	.89
Number of awakenings	4.47	.04	0.12	.73	0.71	.40	2.6	.11	16.76 ± 0.83	15.61 ± 1.08	18.13 ± 1.11	14.78 ± 1.72	NS	15.38 ± 1.35	16.44 ± 1.44	NS
Wake duration	3.53	.06	13.63	<.001	11.50	.001	11.80	.001	3.44 ± 0.51	6.26 ± 0.66	3.77 ± 0.67	9.45 ± 1.05	<.001	3.10 ± 0.82	3.06 ± 0.88	.99
Total sleep time (TST)	1.76	.19	18.53	<.001	5.68	.02	7.55	.007	406.47 ± 7.85	375.74 ± 10.23	392.27 ± 10.45	326.13 ± 16.21	.002	420.66 ± 12.71	425.35 ± 13.61	.78
Sleep period time	4.58	.03	4.15	.04	0.04	.84	0.56	.46	483.99 ± 6.88	486.24 ± 8.97	474.98 ± 9.16	468.78 ± 14.21	NS	492.99 ± 11.14	503.69 ± 11.93	NS
Sleep efficiency	0.00	.97	17.25	<.001	11.61	.001	8.64	.004	84.02 ± 1.25	77.02 ± 1.63	82.13 ± 1.67	69.09 ± 2.58	.001	85.91 ± 2.03	84.94 ± 2.17	.64
Daytime Wake/Activity
TST (day)	0.25	.62	0.05	.82	0.52	.47	2.42	.12	53.69 ± 9.77	42.39 ± 12.20	67.92 ± 13.05	32.34 ± 19.19	NS	39.47 ± 16.09	52.44 ± 16.54	NS
Total wake time (day)	0.25	.62	0.05	.82	0.52	.47	2.42	.12	666.31 ± 9.77	677.61 ± 12.20	652.09 ± 13.05	687.66 ± 19.19	NS	680.53 ± 16.09	667.56 ± 16.54	NS
Sleep percent (day)	0.25	.62	0.05	.82	0.52	.47	2.42	.12	7.46 ± 1.36	5.89 ± 1.69	9.43 ± 1.81	4.49 ± 2.66	NS	5.48 ± 2.24	7.28 ± 2.30	NS
Wake percent (day)	0.25	.62	0.05	.82	0.52	.47	2.42	.12	92.54 ± 1.36	94.11 ± 1.69	90.57 ± 1.81	95.51 ± 2.66	NS	94.52 ± 2.24	92.72 ± 2.30	NS
Circadian Activity Rhythm
Mesor	2.37	.13	1.43	.23	3.98	.049	1.13	.29	63.72 ± 1.48	68.53 ± 1.91	64.10 ± 1.88	71.48 ± 3.17	NS	63.34 ± 2.44	65.58 ± 2.39	NS
Amplitude	1.75	.19	0.12	.73	0.12	.73	0.17	.68	49.56 ± 1.38	50.34 ± 1.79	48.64 ± 1.76	50.34 ± 2.97	NS	50.49 ± 2.28	50.33 ± 2.24	NS
Peak activity	2.58	.11	0.25	.62	1.78	.19	0.70	.41	113.28 ± 2.56	118.87 ± 3.31	112.74 ± 3.25	121.82 ± 5.49	NS	113.83 ± 4.22	115.91 ± 4.14	NS
Acrophase	2.79	.10	0.00	.10	1.06	.31	1.33	.25	14:41 ± 1:24	15:03 ± 1:28	14:29 ± 1:18	15:06 ± 2:01	NS	15:02 ± 1:32	15:02 ± 1:08	NS
Circadian quotient	0.00	.96	3.25	.07	2.09	.15	0.26	.61	0.78 ± 0.02	0.74 ± 0.02	0.76 ± 0.02	0.71 ± 0.04	NS	0.81 ± 0.03	0.78 ± 0.03	NS
Auto- correlation	6.26	.01	0.13	.72	0.08	.78	0.01	.94	0.46 ± 0.02	0.47 ± 0.03	0.45 ± 0.03	0.47 ± 0.05	NS	0.47 ± 0.04	0.48 ± 0.04	NS

NS = Not significant

^*Values are age adjusted means ± standard errors of the mean