Table 2.
Energy, protein, fat, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, iron and zinc intake of Ghanaian lactating women, by HIV status
| All (n = 70) | Seropositive (n = 16) | Seronegative (n = 27) | Unknown status (n = 27) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) 50th centile (25th, 75th) | ||||||||
| Energy (kJ)* | 12 300 (4 600) | 11 200 (9 400, 14 000) | 12 000 (3 600) | 11 400 (9 600, 13 400) | 12 600 (5 100) | 1 1300 (9 600, 14 600) | 12 300 (4 800) | 11 200 (9 400, 13 300) |
| Protein (g) | 126 (75) | 103 (83, 141) | 108 (34) | 102 (86, 122) | 126 (82) | 96 (73, 140) | 137 (85) | 110 (85, 170) |
| Fat (g) | 87 (43) | 80 (61, 112) | 86 (49) | 69 (56, 111) | 95 (51) | 82 (61, 123) | 80 (28) | 80 (63, 102) |
| Vitamin A (µg) | 2 540 (1 330) | 2 510 (1 480, 3 500) | 2 690 (1 170) | 2 760 (1 880, 3 490) | 2 430 (1 500) | 2 380 (1 260, 3 660) | 2 570 (1 280) | 2 460 (1 540, 3 660) |
| Thiamin (mg) | 1.28 (0.76) | 1.09 (0.91, 1.41) | 1.12 (0.34) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.44) | 1.42 (1.07) | 1.12 (0.92, 1.41) | 1.23 (0.52) | 1.08 (0.95, 1.36) |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 1.31 (0.52) | 1.21 (0.94, 1.60) | 1.24 (0.43) | 1.21 (0.86, 1.51) | 1.34 (0.61) | 1.21 (0.96, 1.60) | 1.32 (0.50) | 1.22 (0.94, 1.68) |
| Niacin (mg) | 23.2 (9.0) | 22.2 (16.5, 27.7) | 23.2 (9.8) | 22.1 (15.9, 30.7) | 22.9 (9.6) | 20.8 (15.8, 26.3) | 23.6 (8.2) | 24.8 (18.2, 29.7) |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 134 (65) | 129 (94, 168) | 142 (66) | 132 (90, 190) | 120 (56) | 111 (76, 164) | 143 (73) | 130 (111, 163) |
| Calcium (mg) | 1 320 (1 090) | 980 (610, 1 480) | 1 110 (590) | 1 020 (700, 1 380) | 1 230 (1 010) | 860 (540, 1 460) | 1 520 (1 360) | 980 (570, 1 930) |
| Iron (mg) | 36.2 (16.7) | 32.4 (26.6, 40.1) | 34.3 (9.1) | 34.3 (27.9, 37.5) | 36.8 (18.5) | 32.8 (24.7, 37.9) | 36.8 (18.5) | 30.1 (26.6, 42.4) |
| Zinc (mg) | 19.0 (13.5) | 15.6 (11.7, 21.8) | 16.5 (94.7) | 16.5 (14.0, 18.3) | 18.7 (14.1) | 15.4 (9.8, 19.0) | 20.9 (16.3) | 15.6 (11.6, 27.9) |
There were no statistically significant differences between HIV groups. *1 kJ = 0.239 kcal; 1 kcal = 4.186 kJ. Recommended intakes: estimated energy requirement 12 600 kJ day–1; protein recommended nutrient intake (RNI) 58 g day–1; vitamin A adequate intake (AI) 850 µg; thiamin recommended nutrient intake (RNI) 1.5 mg day–1; riboflavin RNI: 1.6 mg day–1; niacin RNI 17 mg day–1; vitamin C RNI 70 mg day–1; calcium recommended intake 1000 mg day–1; iron RNI 30 mg day–1 (low bioavailability); zinc RNI 14.4 mg day–1 (low bioavailability) (FAO & WHO 2001; FAO/WHO/UNU 1991, 2001).