Table 4.

Associations between urine cadmium and selected kidney outcomes in models stratified by eGFR tertile (n = 712)^a

	eGFR < 88.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 (n=228)		eGFR 88.9-102.9 ml/min/1.73 m2 (n=240)		eGFR ≥ 103.0 ml/min/1.73 m2 (n=234)
Kidney Function Measure	β coeff (95 % CI)	Model r2	β coeff (95 % CI)	Model r2	β coeff (95 % CI)	Model r2
Est. Glomerular Filtration Rate, ml/min/1.73 m2
Ln-Urine Cadmium μg/L	3.1 (0.7, 5.4)*	0.26	0.92 (−0.5, 2.3)	0.10	6.5 (1.7, 11.3)**	0.13
Ln-Urine Creatinine, mg/dl	−3.2 (−5.8, −0.7)*		−0.6 (−2.1, 0.9)		−4.9 (−10.4, 0.7)
Ln-NAG, μmol/h/g creatinine
Ln-Urine Cadmium μg/L	0.22 (0.06, 0.39)**	0.32	0.18 (−0.02, 0.38)	0.23	0.34 (0.17, 0.51)#	0.28
Ln-Urine Creatinine, mg/dl	−0.25 (−0.43, −0.07)**		−0.26 (−0.47, −0.05)*		−0.43 (−0.62, −0.23)#

^aModels also adjusted for age, gender, BMI, ln-urine creatinine, work status (current vs. former lead worker), smoking dose [cigarettes per day × years of smoking) in quartiles for current smokers and ex-smoker status, diastolic blood pressure; alcohol consumption (never, former, current); education (< middle school graduate, < high school graduate, high school graduate, > high school) and annual income (≤ 10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, and > 40 million won), enrollee status (phase I vs. II study entry), and blood and tibia lead.

^*p-value < 0.05

^**p-value < 0.01

^#p-value < 0.001