Table 2.
Culture-Positive vs. Culture-Negative PPE
| Variable | All PPE (n=63) | Culture-Positive (n=22) | Culture-Negative (n=41) | p-value1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||
| Male sex | 38 (60%) | 16 (73%) | 22 (54%) | 0.181 |
| Age in months, median (IQR) | 50 (27–113) | 39.5 (27–138) | 58 (27–100) | 0.547 |
| Preexisting condition | 12 (19%) | 4 (18%) | 8 (20%) | 1 |
| Admission Characteristics | ||||
| Illness days, median (IQR) | 6 (4–8) | 4.5 (3–6) | 7 (5–10) | 0.002** |
| Antibiotic Pretreatment | 54 (86%) | 17 (77%) | 37 (90%) | 0.256 |
| Pathogen | ||||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae2 | 45 (71%) | 15 (68%) | 29 (70%) | 1 |
| Serotype 19A | 6 (10%) | 5 (23%) | 1 (2%) | 0.017* |
| Serotype 7F | 21 (33%) | 8 (36%) | 13 (32%) | 0.782 |
| Serotype 3 | 6 (10%) | 1 (5%) | 5 (12%) | 0.652 |
| Serotype 1 | 2 (3%) | 1 (5%) | 1 (2%) | 1 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 6 (10%) | 4 (18%) | 1 (2%) | 0.046* |
| MRSA | 4 (6%) | 4 (18%) | 0 | 0.012* |
| MSSA2 | 2 (3%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | |
| Streptococcus pyogenes2 | 7 (11%) | 3 (14%) | 3 (7%) | 0.413 |
| Other2,3 | 2 (3%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | 1 |
| Outcome | ||||
| LOS days, median (IQR) | 9 (7–12) | 11.5 (9.5–15) | 9 (6–10) | 0.002** |
| Hospitalization in ICU | 20 (32%) | 11 (50%) | 7 (17%) | 0.009** |
| Dual Infection | 6 (10%) | 4 (18%) | 2 (5%) | 0.171 |
| Death | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
IQR = Intraquartile range (Q1–Q3)
1
Culture-positive disease was compared to culture-negative disease for all variables
2
There were 4 instances of dual infection in culture-positive patients. In each, one pathogen was detected by culture, the second by PCR. The uncultured pathogens [S. pneumoniae (1), MSSA (1), S. pyogenes (1) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (1)] detected by PCR in culture-positive patients are not included in the pathogen count in either the culture-positive or culture negative columns.
3
Other pathogens detected included Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
*
p < 0.05
**
p < 0.01