Table 1.
Outcome data from included trials of diet and health for control/intervention groups
| Included trial arm | Person years of observation | Total mortality | CVD mortality | Combined CVD events | Events included in combined CVD events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BDIT pilot studies16 | 1138/986 | 3† | — | — | — |
| Diet and reinfarction (DART)17 | 1917/1925 | 113/111 | 100/101 | 147/136 | CV deaths (including stroke) plus non-fatal MI |
| Diet and gallstones18 | 10/11 | 0 | — | — | — |
| German fat reduced19 | 25/26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | CV deaths, non-fatal MI, stroke |
| Glasgow diet in hypertension20 | 34/33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | CV deaths |
| Glasgow weight loss21 | 22/24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | CV deaths, non-fatal MI, stroke |
| Kentucky low fat22 | 56/105 | 0 | 0 | 0 | CV deaths, fatal and non-fatal MI, stroke |
| Kuopio23: | |||||
| Fat modified (American Heart Association) | 6/20 | 0 | — | — | — |
| Fat modified (low fat) | 6/20 | 0 | — | — | — |
| Fat modified (mono) | 6/20 | 0 | — | — | — |
| Linoleic enrichment 24 | 40/34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | CV deaths, non-fatal MI, stroke |
| London corn/olive25: | |||||
| Corn | 22/41 | 0.5/5 | 0.5/5 | 5.5/15 | CV deaths, non-fatal MI, angina, stroke |
| Olive | 22/38 | 0.5/3 | 0.5/3 | 5.5/11 | CV deaths, non-fatal MI, angina, stroke |
| London low fat 26 | 393/374 | 24/20 | 20/17 | 42 / 38 | CV deaths, non-fatal MI |
| Low fat in breast cancer27 | 171/170 | At least 2† | |||
| Mastopathy diet28 | 4/5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | CV deaths |
| Minnesota coronary29 | 4715/4823 | 248/269 | 157/157 | 129/134 | Total MI, sudden death, stroke |
| MRC soya30 | 715/751 | 31/28 | 25/27 | 74/62 | CV deaths, total MI |
| Multicentre study on fat reduction (MSFAT)31 | 56/59 | 0 | — | — | — |
| National diet-heart study32: | |||||
| Faribault 1st, B | 18/52 | — | 0 | 0 | Total MI, peripheral vascular events |
| Faribault 1st, C | 18/49 | — | 0 | 0 | Total MI, peripheral vascular events |
| Faribault 1st, E | 18/53 | — | 0 | 0 | Total MI, peripheral vascular events |
| Open 1st, B | 120/358 | — | 0 | 0.3/0 | Total MI, peripheral vascular events |
| Open 1st, C | 120/361 | — | 0 | 0.3/4 | Total MI, peripheral vascular events |
| Open 1st, X | 120/50 | — | 0 | 0.3/1 | Total MI, peripheral vascular events |
| Open 2nd, BC | 59/112 | — | 0 | 1.3/0 | Total MI, peripheral vascular events |
| Open 2nd, F | 59/74 | — | 0 | 1.3/1 | Total MI, peripheral vascular events |
| Open 2nd, G | 59/70 | — | 0 | 1.3/0 | Total MI, peripheral vascular events |
| Open 2nd, X | 22/22 | — | 0 | 0 | Total MI, peripheral vascular events |
| Oslo diet-heart33 | 885/895 | 65/48 | 52/38 | 91/66 | Total MI, sudden death, stroke, angina |
| Oxford retinopathy34 | 1160/1160 | 34† | — | — | — |
| Sollentuna diet35 | 19/20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Total MI, CV deaths, stroke |
| Stanford weight36 | 42/42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | CV deaths |
| St Thomas' atherosclerosis regression (STARS)37 | 88/91 | 3/1 | 3/1 | 20/8 | CV deaths, non-fatal MI, angina, stroke, CABG, angioplasty |
| Sydney diet-heart38 | 1011/939 | 28/39 | — | — | — |
| Toronto polyp prevention39 | 204/198 | 0 | 0 | 0 | CV deaths |
| Turku weight40: | |||||
| Mixed | 21/41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | CV deaths, non-fatal MI, angina, stroke, heart failure, angioplasty, CABG |
| Vegetarian | 21/38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | CV deaths, non-fatal MI, angina, stroke, heart failure, angioplasty, CABG |
| Veterans administration41 | 1544/1588 | 177/174 | 59/44 | 122/97 | Sudden death, definite MI, definite stroke, angina, peripheral vascular events |
| Veterans diet and skin cancer42 | 125/123 | 2/1 | 2/0 | 2/0 | CV deaths |
| Total, all trials | 15096/15806 (30 902) | 692/699 (1430) | 419/393 (812) | 643/573 (1216) | — |
| Total, high risk participants | 5053/5054 (10 107) | 265/255 (520) | 201/192 (393) | 385/336 (721) | — |
CVD=cardiovascular disease, CV=cardiovascular, MI=myocardial infarction, CABG=coronary artery bypass grafting.
*
Events counted only once, only major event counted for each participant.
†
Deaths occurred but it was not clear in which group.